PESTEL的風險建模

文章目錄

• PESTEL的風險建模
• • **Political risks**
  • • **Know the political risk factors**
    • **Consequences of political risk factors**
  • **Economic risks**
  • • **Interest rates**
    • **Exchange rates**
    • **Recession**
  • **Socio-cultural risks**
  • • **Know the socio-cultural risk factors**
    • **The demographic factors include:**
    • **The societal and cultural factors include:**
    • **Factors relating to beliefs and attitudes include:**
  • **Technological risks**
  • • **Disruptive technology**
    • **Organizational processes**
    • **Expenditure**
    • **Employment**
    • **Technological risks and their impacts on supply chains**
  • **Environmental risks**
  • L

Political risks

Know the political risk factors

• political stability
• government type
• levels of bureaucracy and corruption
• press freedom and the rule of law
• trends in regulation and deregulation
• political measures relating to trade, tariffs and taxes
• legislation to protect the environment, workers and consumers

Consequences of political risk factors

• Political stability (or the lack of it)
• Political measures relating to trade, tariffs and taxes

Economic risks

Interest rates

Exchange rates

Recession

Socio-cultural risks

Know the socio-cultural risk factors

The demographic factors include:

• population growth
• age distribution and shifts in demand over time
• average family size and structure
• social diversity in terms of ethnic background, gender, income and education
• immigration and emigration rates

The societal and cultural factors include:

• the social class structure
• the assets of the local population
• changes in buying habits
• income disparities
• education level and access to education
• the level and availability of health care services
• social influencers such as grass-roots groups, gangs
• fashion and life style trends
• the influence of social media vs. traditional media
• the dominant communication technology
• the blend between traditional and introduced cultural customs

Factors relating to beliefs and attitudes include:

• religion: majority and minority religions, the influence of religious leaders on social behaviour and the role of religion as an instrument of social cohesion or division
• superstition: beliefs and local mythologies that influence behaviour
• celebratory customs and traditions
• banking, investment and saving practices
• acceptance of a wide range of people, countries and organizations
• interpretation of ethical or immoral behaviours

Technological risks

Disruptive technology

Organizational processes

Expenditure

Employment

Technological risks and their impacts on supply chains

Environmental risks

L

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