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Docker Review - docker 容器常用命令

發布時間：2025/3/21 编程问答 24 豆豆

生活随笔收集整理的這篇文章主要介紹了 Docker Review - docker 容器常用命令小編覺得挺不錯的,現在分享給大家,幫大家做個參考.

文章目錄

容器相關的命令
- 下載一個centos的基礎鏡像
- 新建容器并啟動 docker run
- - 操作說明
  - 啟動并進入容器
- 查看當前有哪些容器正在運行 docker ps
啟動容器
停止容器
重啟容器
強制停止
進入容器
退出容器
刪除容器
刪除所有停止的容器
其他常用命令
- 查看當前系統Docker信息
- 后臺啟動容器
- docker logs 查看日志
- docker top
- 查看鏡像中的元數據 docker inspect
- 進入當前正在運行的容器
- 從容器內拷貝文件到主機上 docker cp
命令總覽 docker help

容器相關的命令

先有個認知： 有鏡像才能創建容器

下載一個centos的基礎鏡像

我們來看個例子 : 下載一個centos的基礎鏡像

[root@VM-0-7-centos ~]# docker pull centos Using default tag: latest latest: Pulling from library/centos a1d0c7532777: Pull complete Digest: sha256:a27fd8080b517143cbbbab9dfb7c8571c40d67d534bbdee55bd6c473f432b177 Status: Downloaded newer image for centos:latest docker.io/library/centos:latest [root@VM-0-7-centos ~]# [root@VM-0-7-centos ~]# [root@VM-0-7-centos ~]# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE centos latest 5d0da3dc9764 2 weeks ago 231MB [root@VM-0-7-centos ~]#

新建容器并啟動 docker run

https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/run/

操作說明

Option 太多了，看官文吧，這里挑幾個常用的

$ docker run [OPTIONS] IMAGE [COMMAND] [ARG...] # 參數說明 --name="Name" 容器名字 ,任意指定,用來區分容器 -d 后臺方式運行 -it 使用交互方式運行，進入容器查看內容 -p 指定容器端口 -p 8080:8080-p ip:主機端口:容器端口-p 主機端口:容器端口（常用）-p 容器端口容器端口-P 隨機指定端口

啟動并進入容器

[root@VM-0-7-centos ~]# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE centos latest 5d0da3dc9764 2 weeks ago 231MB [root@VM-0-7-centos ~]# [root@VM-0-7-centos ~]## 啟動并進入容器 [root@VM-0-7-centos ~]# docker run -it centos /bin/bash [root@23e62436c0c5 /]# ls bin dev etc home lib lib64 lost+found media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var [root@23e62436c0c5 /]# pwd /# 從容器中退回主機 [root@23e62436c0c5 /]# exit exit [root@VM-0-7-centos ~]# pwd /root [root@VM-0-7-centos ~]# [root@VM-0-7-centos ~]#

查看當前有哪些容器正在運行 docker ps

https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/ps/

# docker ps 顯示正常運行的容器 -a # 顯示當前正在運行的容器 + 歷史運行過的容器 -n=? # 顯示最近創建的容器 -q # 只顯示容器的編號 [root@VM-0-7-centos ~]# 顯示正常運行的容器 [root@VM-0-7-centos ~]# docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES [root@VM-0-7-centos ~]# [root@VM-0-7-centos ~]# 顯示當前正在運行的容器 + 歷史運行過的容器 [root@VM-0-7-centos ~]# docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 23e62436c0c5 centos "/bin/bash" 3 minutes ago Exited (0) 3 minutes ago admiring_austin 95a5e684ea82 feb5d9fea6a5 "/hello" 44 hours ago Exited (0) 44 hours ago dazzling_davinci [root@VM-0-7-centos ~]# [root@VM-0-7-centos ~]# [root@VM-0-7-centos ~]# [root@VM-0-7-centos ~]# 查看幫助 [root@VM-0-7-centos ~]# docker ps --helpUsage: docker ps [OPTIONS]List containersOptions:-a, --all Show all containers (default shows just running)-f, --filter filter Filter output based on conditions provided--format string Pretty-print containers using a Go template-n, --last int Show n last created containers (includes all states) (default -1)-l, --latest Show the latest created container (includes all states)--no-trunc Don't truncate output-q, --quiet Only display container IDs-s, --size Display total file sizes [root@VM-0-7-centos ~]# docker ps -n=1 CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 23e62436c0c5 centos "/bin/bash" 4 minutes ago Exited (0) 4 minutes ago admiring_austin [root@VM-0-7-centos ~]# [root@VM-0-7-centos ~]# [root@VM-0-7-centos ~]# [root@VM-0-7-centos ~]# docker ps -aq 23e62436c0c5 95a5e684ea82 [root@VM-0-7-centos ~]#

啟動容器

docker start container_name/container_id # 啟動容器

https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/start/

停止容器

https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/stop/

docker stop container_name/container_id # 停止當前正在運行的容器

重啟容器

docker restart container_name/container_id # 重啟容器

https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/restart/

強制停止

docker kill container_name/container_id # 強制停止當前容器

https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/kill/

進入容器

后臺啟動一個容器后，如果想進入到這個容器，可以使用attach命令

docker attach container_name/container_id

https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/attach/

退出容器

exit # 直接退出容器并停止 Ctrl + P + Q # 退出容器但是容器不停止 # 查看 [root@VM-0-7-centos ~]# docker ps 發現無運行的容器 CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES [root@VM-0-7-centos ~]# docker run -it centos /bin/bash [root@5fa6e10931b5 /]# [root@5fa6e10931b5 /]# Ctrl + P + Q # 退出容器但是容器不停止 [root@VM-0-7-centos ~]# [root@VM-0-7-centos ~]# 查看運行的容器 [root@VM-0-7-centos ~]# docker ps 發現容器并沒有退出，區別于exit CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 5fa6e10931b5 centos "/bin/bash" 19 seconds ago Up 18 seconds agitated_pare [root@VM-0-7-centos ~]# [root@VM-0-7-centos ~]# 進入容器 [root@VM-0-7-centos ~]# docker attach 5fa6e10931b5 [root@5fa6e10931b5 /]# [root@5fa6e10931b5 /]#

刪除容器

https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/rm/

docker rm container_name/container_id # 不能刪除正在運行的容器

刪除所有停止的容器

docker rm -f $(docker ps -a -q)

其他常用命令

查看當前系統Docker信息

https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/info/

docker info

后臺啟動容器

[root@VM-0-7-centos ~]# docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES [root@VM-0-7-centos ~]# docker run -d centos 04abf017a5b00eb23707c07dc0d0d521d022bc9bba3d7a59d2aca855e87422c5 [root@VM-0-7-centos ~]# docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES [root@VM-0-7-centos ~]# [root@VM-0-7-centos ~]# docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES

問題docker ps ，發現 centos 停止了

docker 容器使用后臺運行，就必須要有一個前臺進程，docker發現沒有應用，就自動停止

docker logs 查看日志

https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/logs/

[root@VM-0-7-centos ~]# docker run --name test -d centos sh -c "while true; do $(echo date); sleep 1; done" d0dd49e573ce117cdc6e8ea1c9a8648ef5927c6182bc4a2a189e16645e261bcc [root@VM-0-7-centos ~]# docker logs -f --until=2s test Wed Oct 6 12:31:43 UTC 2021 Wed Oct 6 12:31:44 UTC 2021 Wed Oct 6 12:31:45 UTC 2021 Wed Oct 6 12:31:46 UTC 2021

docker top

https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/top/

[root@VM-0-7-centos ~]# docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES d0dd49e573ce centos "sh -c 'while true; …" About a minute ago Up About a minute test 3b68181c277f centos "/bin/bash" 6 minutes ago Up 6 minutes wizardly_hopper [root@VM-0-7-centos ~]# docker top d0dd49e573ce UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD root 24424 24405 0 20:31 ? 00:00:00 sh -c while true; do date; sleep 1; done root 25067 24424 0 20:33 ? 00:00:00 /usr/bin/coreutils --coreutils-prog-shebang=sleep /usr/bin/sleep 1 [root@VM-0-7-centos ~]# [root@VM-0-7-centos ~]# [root@VM-0-7-centos ~]# [root@VM-0-7-centos ~]# [root@VM-0-7-centos ~]# docker top 3b68181c277f UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD root 23338 23317 0 20:26 pts/0 00:00:00 /bin/bash [root@VM-0-7-centos ~]#

查看鏡像中的元數據 docker inspect

https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/inspect/

[root@VM-0-7-centos ~]# docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES d0dd49e573ce centos "sh -c 'while true; …" 3 minutes ago Up 3 minutes test 3b68181c277f centos "/bin/bash" 8 minutes ago Up 8 minutes wizardly_hopper [root@VM-0-7-centos ~]# docker inspect d0dd49e573ce [{"Id": "d0dd49e573ce117cdc6e8ea1c9a8648ef5927c6182bc4a2a189e16645e261bcc","Created": "2021-10-06T12:31:43.01364583Z","Path": "sh","Args": ["-c","while true; do date; sleep 1; done"],"State": {"Status": "running","Running": true,"Paused": false,"Restarting": false,"OOMKilled": false,"Dead": false,"Pid": 24424,"ExitCode": 0,"Error": "","StartedAt": "2021-10-06T12:31:43.314744794Z","FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"},"Image": "sha256:5d0da3dc976460b72c77d94c8a1ad043720b0416bfc16c52c45d4847e53fadb6","ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/d0dd49e573ce117cdc6e8ea1c9a8648ef5927c6182bc4a2a189e16645e261bcc/resolv.conf","HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/d0dd49e573ce117cdc6e8ea1c9a8648ef5927c6182bc4a2a189e16645e261bcc/hostname","HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/d0dd49e573ce117cdc6e8ea1c9a8648ef5927c6182bc4a2a189e16645e261bcc/hosts","LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/d0dd49e573ce117cdc6e8ea1c9a8648ef5927c6182bc4a2a189e16645e261bcc/d0dd49e573ce117cdc6e8ea1c9a8648ef5927c6182bc4a2a189e16645e261bcc-json.log","Name": "/test","RestartCount": 0,"Driver": "overlay2","Platform": "linux","MountLabel": "","ProcessLabel": "","AppArmorProfile": "","ExecIDs": null,"HostConfig": {"Binds": null,"ContainerIDFile": "","LogConfig": {"Type": "json-file","Config": {}},"NetworkMode": "default","PortBindings": {},"RestartPolicy": {"Name": "no","MaximumRetryCount": 0},"AutoRemove": false,"VolumeDriver": "","VolumesFrom": null,"CapAdd": null,"CapDrop": null,"CgroupnsMode": "host","Dns": [],"DnsOptions": [],"DnsSearch": [],"ExtraHosts": null,"GroupAdd": null,"IpcMode": "private","Cgroup": "","Links": null,"OomScoreAdj": 0,"PidMode": "","Privileged": false,"PublishAllPorts": false,"ReadonlyRootfs": false,"SecurityOpt": null,"UTSMode": "","UsernsMode": "","ShmSize": 67108864,"Runtime": "runc","ConsoleSize": [0,0],"Isolation": "","CpuShares": 0,"Memory": 0,"NanoCpus": 0,"CgroupParent": "","BlkioWeight": 0,"BlkioWeightDevice": [],"BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,"BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,"BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,"BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,"CpuPeriod": 0,"CpuQuota": 0,"CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,"CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,"CpusetCpus": "","CpusetMems": "","Devices": [],"DeviceCgroupRules": null,"DeviceRequests": null,"KernelMemory": 0,"KernelMemoryTCP": 0,"MemoryReservation": 0,"MemorySwap": 0,"MemorySwappiness": null,"OomKillDisable": false,"PidsLimit": null,"Ulimits": null,"CpuCount": 0,"CpuPercent": 0,"IOMaximumIOps": 0,"IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,"MaskedPaths": ["/proc/asound","/proc/acpi","/proc/kcore","/proc/keys","/proc/latency_stats","/proc/timer_list","/proc/timer_stats","/proc/sched_debug","/proc/scsi","/sys/firmware"],"ReadonlyPaths": ["/proc/bus","/proc/fs","/proc/irq","/proc/sys","/proc/sysrq-trigger"]},"GraphDriver": {"Data": {"LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/ff23509532fdb929a71fc16b935635699b212284aad75b2ba1a98c12be9e8188-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/75393e5cf278f83ef25913983a4eb3dfc84b59c157c393721f7b7287df241fe1/diff","MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/ff23509532fdb929a71fc16b935635699b212284aad75b2ba1a98c12be9e8188/merged","UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/ff23509532fdb929a71fc16b935635699b212284aad75b2ba1a98c12be9e8188/diff","WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/ff23509532fdb929a71fc16b935635699b212284aad75b2ba1a98c12be9e8188/work"},"Name": "overlay2"},"Mounts": [],"Config": {"Hostname": "d0dd49e573ce","Domainname": "","User": "","AttachStdin": false,"AttachStdout": false,"AttachStderr": false,"Tty": false,"OpenStdin": false,"StdinOnce": false,"Env": ["PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"],"Cmd": ["sh","-c","while true; do date; sleep 1; done"],"Image": "centos","Volumes": null,"WorkingDir": "","Entrypoint": null,"OnBuild": null,"Labels": {"org.label-schema.build-date": "20210915","org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2","org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image","org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0","org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS"}},"NetworkSettings": {"Bridge": "","SandboxID": "8a50bb225a56d6a6d1a22a81d0800dab5a69a64c085854506efa7e32368f120d","HairpinMode": false,"LinkLocalIPv6Address": "","LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,"Ports": {},"SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/8a50bb225a56","SecondaryIPAddresses": null,"SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,"EndpointID": "cb85731792a00f6a5551deb0c9d014d77cd0b40d36280998858916f302c97379","Gateway": "172.18.0.1","GlobalIPv6Address": "","GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,"IPAddress": "172.18.0.3","IPPrefixLen": 16,"IPv6Gateway": "","MacAddress": "02:42:ac:12:00:03","Networks": {"bridge": {"IPAMConfig": null,"Links": null,"Aliases": null,"NetworkID": "f35f03a9225f5e0d05a8c929f9f23f46f1b6fae73962b04c1b0c300f6d062681","EndpointID": "cb85731792a00f6a5551deb0c9d014d77cd0b40d36280998858916f302c97379","Gateway": "172.18.0.1","IPAddress": "172.18.0.3","IPPrefixLen": 16,"IPv6Gateway": "","GlobalIPv6Address": "","GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:12:00:03","DriverOpts": null}}}} ] [root@VM-0-7-centos ~]#

進入當前正在運行的容器

https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/exec/

# 命令 docker exec -it 容器id /bin/bash

方式一 docker exec

[root@VM-0-7-centos ~]# docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES d0dd49e573ce centos "sh -c 'while true; …" 6 minutes ago Up 6 minutes test 3b68181c277f centos "/bin/bash" 11 minutes ago Up 11 minutes wizardly_hopper# 進入容器 [root@VM-0-7-centos ~]# docker exec -it d0dd49e573ce /bin/bash [root@d0dd49e573ce /]# ps -ef UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD root 1 0 0 12:31 ? 00:00:00 sh -c while true; do date; sleep 1; done root 813 0 0 12:38 pts/0 00:00:00 /bin/bash root 839 1 0 12:38 ? 00:00:00 /usr/bin/coreutils --coreutils-prog-shebang=sleep /usr/bin/sleep 1 root 840 813 0 12:38 pts/0 00:00:00 ps -ef [root@d0dd49e573ce /]#

方式二 docker attach

從容器內拷貝文件到主機上 docker cp

https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/cp/

命令 docker cp 容器id:容器內路徑目的的主機路徑

[root@VM-0-7-centos ~]# docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES d0dd49e573ce centos "sh -c 'while true; …" 9 minutes ago Up 9 minutes test 3b68181c277f centos "/bin/bash" 14 minutes ago Up 14 minutes wizardly_hopper [root@VM-0-7-centos ~]# docker attach 3b68181c277f [root@3b68181c277f /]# [root@3b68181c277f /]# [root@3b68181c277f /]# ps -ef UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD root 1 0 0 12:26 pts/0 00:00:00 /bin/bash root 15 1 0 12:41 pts/0 00:00:00 ps -ef [root@3b68181c277f /]# [root@3b68181c277f /]# pwd / [root@3b68181c277f /]# ls bin dev etc home lib lib64 lost+found media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var# 在容器的根目錄 / 創建一個文件 artisan.log [root@3b68181c277f /]# touch artisan.log [root@3b68181c277f /]#[root@3b68181c277f /]# ls artisan.log artisan.log [root@3b68181c277f /]# pwd /# 退出容器 [root@3b68181c277f /]# exit exit# 宿主機上執行 docker cp 將容器內/artisan.log 拷貝到宿主機的/root目錄下 [root@VM-0-7-centos ~]# docker cp 3b68181c277f:/artisan.log /root [root@VM-0-7-centos ~]# 查看copy的文件 [root@VM-0-7-centos ~]# cd /root [root@VM-0-7-centos ~]# ls artisan.log helloboot-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.conf helloboot-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar soft [root@VM-0-7-centos ~]# ll artisan.log -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Oct 6 20:42 artisan.log [root@VM-0-7-centos ~]#

命令總覽 docker help

[root@VM-0-7-centos ~]# docker helpUsage: docker [OPTIONS] COMMANDA self-sufficient runtime for containersOptions:--config string Location of client config files (default "/root/.docker")-c, --context string Name of the context to use to connect to the daemon (overrides DOCKER_HOST env var and default contextset with "docker context use")-D, --debug Enable debug mode-H, --host list Daemon socket(s) to connect to-l, --log-level string Set the logging level ("debug"|"info"|"warn"|"error"|"fatal") (default "info")--tls Use TLS; implied by --tlsverify--tlscacert string Trust certs signed only by this CA (default "/root/.docker/ca.pem")--tlscert string Path to TLS certificate file (default "/root/.docker/cert.pem")--tlskey string Path to TLS key file (default "/root/.docker/key.pem")--tlsverify Use TLS and verify the remote-v, --version Print version information and quitManagement Commands:app* Docker App (Docker Inc., v0.9.1-beta3)builder Manage buildsbuildx* Build with BuildKit (Docker Inc., v0.6.1-docker)config Manage Docker configscontainer Manage containerscontext Manage contextsimage Manage imagesmanifest Manage Docker image manifests and manifest listsnetwork Manage networksnode Manage Swarm nodesplugin Manage pluginsscan* Docker Scan (Docker Inc., v0.8.0)secret Manage Docker secretsservice Manage servicesstack Manage Docker stacksswarm Manage Swarmsystem Manage Dockertrust Manage trust on Docker imagesvolume Manage volumesCommands:attach Attach local standard input, output, and error streams to a running containerbuild Build an image from a Dockerfilecommit Create a new image from a container's changescp Copy files/folders between a container and the local filesystemcreate Create a new containerdiff Inspect changes to files or directories on a container's filesystemevents Get real time events from the serverexec Run a command in a running containerexport Export a container's filesystem as a tar archivehistory Show the history of an imageimages List imagesimport Import the contents from a tarball to create a filesystem imageinfo Display system-wide informationinspect Return low-level information on Docker objectskill Kill one or more running containersload Load an image from a tar archive or STDINlogin Log in to a Docker registrylogout Log out from a Docker registrylogs Fetch the logs of a containerpause Pause all processes within one or more containersport List port mappings or a specific mapping for the containerps List containerspull Pull an image or a repository from a registrypush Push an image or a repository to a registryrename Rename a containerrestart Restart one or more containersrm Remove one or more containersrmi Remove one or more imagesrun Run a command in a new containersave Save one or more images to a tar archive (streamed to STDOUT by default)search Search the Docker Hub for imagesstart Start one or more stopped containersstats Display a live stream of container(s) resource usage statisticsstop Stop one or more running containerstag Create a tag TARGET_IMAGE that refers to SOURCE_IMAGEtop Display the running processes of a containerunpause Unpause all processes within one or more containersupdate Update configuration of one or more containersversion Show the Docker version informationwait Block until one or more containers stop, then print their exit codesRun 'docker COMMAND --help' for more information on a command.To get more help with docker, check out our guides at https://docs.docker.com/go/guides/ [root@VM-0-7-centos ~]#

https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/run/

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