Nginx 0.8.x + PHP 5.2.13（FastCGI）搭建胜过Apache十倍的Web服务器（第6版）
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Nginx 0.8.x + PHP 5.2.13（FastCGI）搭建胜过Apache十倍的Web服务器（第6版）
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[文章作者：張宴 本文版本：v6.3 最后修改：
2010.07.26 轉載請注明原文鏈接：
http://blog.s135.com/nginx_php_v6/]
鏈接：《 2007年9月的第1版》、《 2007年12月的第2版》、《 2008年6月的第3版》、《 2008年8月的第4版》、《 2009年5月的第5版》
Nginx ("engine x") 是一個高性能的 HTTP 和反向代理服務器，也是一個 IMAP/POP3/SMTP 代理服務器。 Nginx 是由 Igor Sysoev 為俄羅斯訪問量第二的 Rambler.ru 站點開發的，它已經在該站點運行超過三年了。Igor 將源代碼以類BSD許可證的形式發布。
Nginx 超越 Apache 的高性能和穩定性，使得國內使用 Nginx 作為 Web 服務器的網站也越來越多，其中包括 新浪博客、 新浪播客、 網易新聞、 騰訊網、 搜狐博客等門戶網站頻道， 六間房、 56.com等視頻分享網站， Discuz!官方論壇、 水木社區等知名論壇， 盛大在線、 金山逍遙網等網絡游戲網站， 豆瓣、 人人網、 YUPOO相冊、 金山愛詞霸、 迅雷在線等新興Web 2.0網站。
Nginx 的官方中文維基： http://wiki.nginx.org/NginxChs
在高并發連接的情況下，Nginx是Apache服務器不錯的替代品。Nginx同時也可以作為7層負載均衡服務器來使用。根據我的測試結果， Nginx 0.8.46 + PHP 5.2.14 (FastCGI) 可以承受3萬以上的并發連接數，相當于同等環境下Apache的10倍。
根據我的經驗，4GB內存的服務器+Apache（prefork模式）一般只能處理3000個并發連接，因為它們將占用3GB以上的內存，還得為系統預留1GB的內存。我曾經就有兩臺Apache服務器，因為在配置文件中設置的MaxClients為4000，當Apache并發連接數達到3800時，導致服務器內存和Swap空間用滿而崩潰。
而這臺 Nginx 0.8.46 + PHP 5.2.14 (FastCGI) 服務器在3萬并發連接下，開啟的10個Nginx進程消耗150M內存（15M*10=150M），開啟的64個php-cgi進程消耗1280M內存（20M*64=1280M），加上系統自身消耗的內存，總共消耗不到2GB內存。如果服務器內存較小，完全可以只開啟25個php-cgi進程，這樣php-cgi消耗的總內存數才500M。
在3萬并發連接下，訪問Nginx 0.8.46 + PHP 5.2.14 (FastCGI) 服務器的PHP程序，仍然速度飛快。下圖為Nginx的狀態監控頁面，顯示的活動連接數為28457（關于Nginx的監控頁配置，會在本文接下來所給出的Nginx配置文件中寫明）：
我生產環境下的兩臺Nginx + PHP5（FastCGI）服務器，跑多個一般復雜的純PHP動態程序，單臺Nginx + PHP5（FastCGI）服務器跑PHP動態程序的處理能力已經超過“ 700次請求/秒”，相當于每天可以承受6000萬（700*60*60*24=60480000）的訪問量（ 更多信息見此），而服務器的系統負載也不高：
2009年9月3日下午2：30，金山游戲《劍俠情緣網絡版叁》臨時維護1小時（ http://kefu.xoyo.com/gonggao/jx3/2009-09-03/750438.shtml），大量玩家上官網，論壇、評論、客服等動態應用Nginx服務器集群，每臺服務器的Nginx活動連接數達到2.8萬，這是筆者遇到的Nginx生產環境最高并發值。
下面是用100個并發連接分別去壓生產環境中同一負載均衡器VIP下、提供相同服務的兩臺服務器，一臺為Nginx，另一臺為Apache，Nginx每秒處理的請求數是Apache的兩倍多，Nginx服務器的系統負載、CPU使用率遠低于Apache：
你可以將連接數開到10000～30000，去壓Nginx和Apache上的phpinfo.php，這是用瀏覽器訪問Nginx上的phpinfo.php一切正常，而訪問Apache服務器的phpinfo.php，則是該頁無法顯示。4G內存的服務器，即使再優化，Apache也很難在“webbench -c 30000 -t 60 http://xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx/phpinfo.php”的壓力情況下正常訪問，而調整參數優化后的Nginx可以。
webbench 下載地址： http://blog.s135.com/post/288/
注意：webbench 做壓力測試時，該軟件自身也會消耗CPU和內存資源，為了測試準確，請將 webbench 安裝在別的服務器上。
測試結果：##### Nginx + PHP #####
引用 [root@localhost webbench-1.5]# webbench -c 100 -t 30 http://192.168.1.21/phpinfo.php
Webbench - Simple Web Benchmark 1.5
Copyright (c) Radim Kolar 1997-2004, GPL Open Source Software.
Benchmarking: GET http://192.168.1.21/phpinfo.php
100 clients, running 30 sec.
Speed=102450 pages/min, 16490596 bytes/sec.
Requests: 51225 susceed, 0 failed.
top - 14:06:13 up 27 days,??2:25,??2 users,??load average: 14.57, 9.89, 6.51
Tasks: 287 total,?? 4 running, 283 sleeping,?? 0 stopped,?? 0 zombie
Cpu(s): 49.9% us,??6.7% sy,??0.0% ni, 41.4% id,??1.1% wa,??0.1% hi,??0.8% si
Mem:?? 6230016k total,??2959468k used,??3270548k free,?? 635992k buffers
Swap:??2031608k total,???? 3696k used,??2027912k free,??1231444k cached
測試結果：#####??Apache + PHP #####
引用 [root@localhost webbench-1.5]# webbench -c 100 -t 30 http://192.168.1.27/phpinfo.php
Webbench - Simple Web Benchmark 1.5
Copyright (c) Radim Kolar 1997-2004, GPL Open Source Software.
Benchmarking: GET http://192.168.1.27/phpinfo.php
100 clients, running 30 sec.
Speed=42184 pages/min, 31512914 bytes/sec.
Requests: 21092 susceed, 0 failed.
top - 14:06:20 up 27 days,??2:13,??2 users,??load average: 62.15, 26.36, 13.42
Tasks: 318 total,?? 7 running, 310 sleeping,?? 0 stopped,?? 1 zombie
Cpu(s): 80.4% us, 10.6% sy,??0.0% ni,??7.9% id,??0.1% wa,??0.1% hi,??0.9% si
Mem:?? 6230016k total,??3075948k used,??3154068k free,?? 379896k buffers
Swap:??2031608k total,????12592k used,??2019016k free,??1117868k cached
為什么Nginx的性能要比Apache高得多？這得益于Nginx使用了最新的epoll（Linux 2.6內核）和kqueue（freebsd）網絡I/O模型，而Apache則使用的是傳統的select模型。目前Linux下能夠承受高并發訪問的Squid、Memcached都采用的是epoll網絡I/O模型。
處理大量的連接的讀寫，Apache所采用的select網絡I/O模型非常低效。下面用一個比喻來解析Apache采用的select模型和Nginx采用的epoll模型進行之間的區別：
假設你在大學讀書，住的宿舍樓有很多間房間，你的朋友要來找你。select版宿管大媽就會帶著你的朋友挨個房間去找，直到找到你為止。而epoll版宿管大媽會先記下每位同學的房間號，你的朋友來時，只需告訴你的朋友你住在哪個房間即可，不用親自帶著你的朋友滿大樓找人。如果來了10000個人，都要找自己住這棟樓的同學時，select版和epoll版宿管大媽，誰的效率更高，不言自明。同理，在高并發服務器中，輪詢I/O是最耗時間的操作之一，select和epoll的性能誰的性能更高，同樣十分明了。
安裝步驟：
（系統要求：Linux 2.6+ 內核，本文中的Linux操作系統為CentOS 5.3，另在RedHat AS4上也安裝成功）
一、獲取相關開源程序：
1、【適用CentOS操作系統】利用CentOS Linux系統自帶的yum命令安裝、升級所需的程序庫（RedHat等其他Linux發行版可從安裝光盤中找到這些程序庫的RPM包，進行安裝）：
sudo -s
LANG=C
yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ autoconf libjpeg libjpeg-devel libpng libpng-devel freetype freetype-devel libxml2 libxml2-devel zlib zlib-devel glibc glibc-devel glib2 glib2-devel bzip2 bzip2-devel ncurses ncurses-devel curl curl-devel e2fsprogs e2fsprogs-devel krb5 krb5-devel libidn libidn-devel openssl openssl-devel openldap openldap-devel nss_ldap openldap-clients openldap-servers
2、【適用RedHat操作系統】RedHat等其他Linux發行版可從安裝光盤中找到這些程序庫的RPM包（事先可通過類似“rpm -qa | grep libjpeg”的命令查看所需的RPM包是否存在，通常是“xxx-devel”不存在，需要安裝）。RedHat可以直接利用CentOS的RPM包安裝，以下是RPM包下載網址：
①、RedHat AS4 & CentOS 4
http://mirrors.163.com/centos/4/os/i386/CentOS/RPMS/
http://mirrors.163.com/centos/4/os/x86_64/CentOS/RPMS/
②、RedHat AS5 & CentOS 5
http://mirrors.163.com/centos/5/os/i386/CentOS/
http://mirrors.163.com/centos/5/os/x86_64/CentOS/
③、RPM包搜索網站
http://rpm.pbone.net/
http://www.rpmfind.net/
④、RedHat AS4 系統環境，通常情況下缺少的支持包安裝：
Ⅰ、i386 系統
wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/rpm/i386/libjpeg-devel-6b-33.i386.rpm
rpm -ivh libjpeg-devel-6b-33.i386.rpm
wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/rpm/i386/freetype-devel-2.1.9-1.i386.rpm
rpm -ivh freetype-devel-2.1.9-1.i386.rpm
wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/rpm/i386/libpng-devel-1.2.7-1.i386.rpm
rpm -ivh libpng-devel-1.2.7-1.i386.rpm
Ⅱ、x86_64 系統
wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/rpm/x86_64/libjpeg-devel-6b-33.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh libjpeg-devel-6b-33.x86_64.rpm
wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/rpm/x86_64/freetype-devel-2.1.9-1.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh freetype-devel-2.1.9-1.x86_64.rpm
wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/rpm/x86_64/libpng-devel-1.2.7-1.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh libpng-devel-1.2.7-1.x86_64.rpm
3、【適用CentOS、RedHat及其它Linux操作系統】下載程序源碼包：
本文中提到的所有開源軟件為截止到 2010年07月26日的最新穩定版。
①、從軟件的官方網站下載：
mkdir -p /data0/software
cd /data0/software
wget http://sysoev.ru/nginx/nginx-0.8.46.tar.gz
wget http://www.php.net/get/php-5.2.14.tar.gz/from/this/mirror
wget http://php-fpm.org/downloads/php-5.2.14-fpm-0.5.14.diff.gz
wget http://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.5/mysql-5.5.3-m3.tar.gz/from/http://mysql.he.net/
wget http://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/libiconv/libiconv-1.13.1.tar.gz
wget "http://downloads.sourceforge.net/mcrypt/libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz?modtime=1171868460&big_mirror=0"
wget "http://downloads.sourceforge.net/mcrypt/mcrypt-2.6.8.tar.gz?modtime=1194463373&big_mirror=0"
wget http://pecl.php.net/get/memcache-2.2.5.tgz
wget "http://downloads.sourceforge.net/mhash/mhash-0.9.9.9.tar.gz?modtime=1175740843&big_mirror=0"
wget ftp://ftp.csx.cam.ac.uk/pub/software/programming/pcre/pcre-8.10.tar.gz
wget http://bart.eaccelerator.net/source/0.9.6.1/eaccelerator-0.9.6.1.tar.bz2
wget http://pecl.php.net/get/PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2.tgz
wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/imagick/ImageMagick.tar.gz
wget http://pecl.php.net/get/imagick-2.3.0.tgz
②、從 blog.s135.com下載（比較穩定，只允許在本站，或者在Linux/Unix下通過Wget、Curl等命令下載以下軟件）：
mkdir -p /data0/software
cd /data0/software
wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/nginx/nginx-0.8.46.tar.gz
wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/php/php-5.2.14.tar.gz
wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/phpfpm/php-5.2.14-fpm-0.5.14.diff.gz
wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/mysql/mysql-5.5.3-m3.tar.gz
wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/libiconv/libiconv-1.13.1.tar.gz
wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/mcrypt/libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz
wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/mcrypt/mcrypt-2.6.8.tar.gz
wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/memcache/memcache-2.2.5.tgz
wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/mhash/mhash-0.9.9.9.tar.gz
wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/pcre/pcre-8.10.tar.gz
wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/eaccelerator/eaccelerator-0.9.6.1.tar.bz2
wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/pdo/PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2.tgz
wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/imagick/ImageMagick.tar.gz
wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/imagick/imagick-2.3.0.tgz
二、安裝PHP 5.2.14（FastCGI模式）
1、編譯安裝PHP 5.2.14所需的支持庫：
tar zxvf libiconv-1.13.1.tar.gz
cd libiconv-1.13.1/
./configure --prefix=/usr/local
make
make install
cd ../
tar zxvf libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz
cd libmcrypt-2.5.8/
./configure
make
make install
/sbin/ldconfig
cd libltdl/
./configure --enable-ltdl-install
make
make install
cd ../../
tar zxvf mhash-0.9.9.9.tar.gz
cd mhash-0.9.9.9/
./configure
make
make install
cd ../
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.la /usr/lib/libmcrypt.la
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so.4 /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so.4
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so.4.4.8 /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so.4.4.8
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.a /usr/lib/libmhash.a
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.la /usr/lib/libmhash.la
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so /usr/lib/libmhash.so
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so.2 /usr/lib/libmhash.so.2
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so.2.0.1 /usr/lib/libmhash.so.2.0.1
ln -s /usr/local/bin/libmcrypt-config /usr/bin/libmcrypt-config
tar zxvf mcrypt-2.6.8.tar.gz
cd mcrypt-2.6.8/
/sbin/ldconfig
./configure
make
make install
cd ../
2、編譯安裝MySQL 5.5.3-m3
/usr/sbin/groupadd mysql
/usr/sbin/useradd -g mysql mysql
tar zxvf mysql-5.5.3-m3.tar.gz
cd mysql-5.5.3-m3/
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/webserver/mysql/ --enable-assembler --with-extra-charsets=complex --enable-thread-safe-client --with-big-tables --with-readline --with-ssl --with-embedded-server --enable-local-infile --with-plugins=partition,innobase,myisammrg
make && make install
chmod +w /usr/local/webserver/mysql
chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/webserver/mysql
cd ../
附：以下為附加步驟，如果你想在這臺服務器上運行MySQL數據庫，則執行以下幾步。如果你只是希望讓PHP支持MySQL擴展庫，能夠連接其他服務器上的MySQL數據庫，那么，以下兩步無需執行。
①、創建MySQL數據庫存放目錄
mkdir -p /data0/mysql/3306/data/
mkdir -p /data0/mysql/3306/binlog/
mkdir -p /data0/mysql/3306/relaylog/
chown -R mysql:mysql /data0/mysql/
②、以mysql用戶帳號的身份建立數據表：
/usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysql_install_db --basedir=/usr/local/webserver/mysql --datadir=/data0/mysql/3306/data --user=mysql
③、創建my.cnf配置文件：
vi /data0/mysql/3306/my.cnf
輸入以下內容：
引用 [client]
character-set-server = utf8
port????= 3306
socket??= /tmp/mysql.sock
[mysqld]
character-set-server = utf8
replicate-ignore-db = mysql
replicate-ignore-db = test
replicate-ignore-db = information_schema
user????= mysql
port????= 3306
socket??= /tmp/mysql.sock
basedir = /usr/local/webserver/mysql
datadir = /data0/mysql/3306/data
log-error = /data0/mysql/3306/mysql_error.log
pid-file = /data0/mysql/3306/mysql.pid
open_files_limit????= 10240
back_log = 600
max_connections = 5000
max_connect_errors = 6000
table_cache = 614
external-locking = FALSE
max_allowed_packet = 32M
sort_buffer_size = 1M
join_buffer_size = 1M
thread_cache_size = 300
#thread_concurrency = 8
query_cache_size = 512M
query_cache_limit = 2M
query_cache_min_res_unit = 2k
default-storage-engine = MyISAM
thread_stack = 192K
transaction_isolation = READ-COMMITTED
tmp_table_size = 246M
max_heap_table_size = 246M
long_query_time = 3
log-slave-updates
log-bin = /data0/mysql/3306/binlog/binlog
binlog_cache_size = 4M
binlog_format = MIXED
max_binlog_cache_size = 8M
max_binlog_size = 1G
relay-log-index = /data0/mysql/3306/relaylog/relaylog
relay-log-info-file = /data0/mysql/3306/relaylog/relaylog
relay-log = /data0/mysql/3306/relaylog/relaylog
expire_logs_days = 30
key_buffer_size = 256M
read_buffer_size = 1M
read_rnd_buffer_size = 16M
bulk_insert_buffer_size = 64M
myisam_sort_buffer_size = 128M
myisam_max_sort_file_size = 10G
myisam_repair_threads = 1
myisam_recover
interactive_timeout = 120
wait_timeout = 120
skip-name-resolve
#master-connect-retry = 10
slave-skip-errors = 1032,1062,126,1114,1146,1048,1396
#master-host???? =?? 192.168.1.2
#master-user???? =?? username
#master-password =?? password
#master-port???? =??3306
server-id = 1
innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 16M
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 512M
innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:256M:autoextend
innodb_file_io_threads = 4
innodb_thread_concurrency = 8
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 2
innodb_log_buffer_size = 16M
innodb_log_file_size = 128M
innodb_log_files_in_group = 3
innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 90
innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 120
innodb_file_per_table = 0
#log-slow-queries = /data0/mysql/3306/slow.log
#long_query_time = 10
[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet = 32M
④、創建管理MySQL數據庫的shell腳本：
vi /data0/mysql/3306/mysql
輸入以下內容（這里的用戶名admin和密碼12345678接下來的步驟會創建）：
#!/bin/sh
mysql_port=3306
mysql_username="admin"
mysql_password="12345678"
function_start_mysql()
{
????printf "Starting MySQL...\n"
????/bin/sh /usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/data0/mysql/${mysql_port}/my.cnf 2>&1 > /dev/null &
}
function_stop_mysql()
{
????printf "Stoping MySQL...\n"
????/usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u ${mysql_username} -p${mysql_password} -S /tmp/mysql.sock shutdown
}
function_restart_mysql()
{
????printf "Restarting MySQL...\n"
????function_stop_mysql
????sleep 5
????function_start_mysql
}
function_kill_mysql()
{
????kill -9 $(ps -ef | grep 'bin/mysqld_safe' | grep ${mysql_port} | awk '{printf $2}')
????kill -9 $(ps -ef | grep 'libexec/mysqld' | grep ${mysql_port} | awk '{printf $2}')
}
if [ "$1" = "start" ]; then
????function_start_mysql
elif [ "$1" = "stop" ]; then
????function_stop_mysql
elif [ "$1" = "restart" ]; then
function_restart_mysql
elif [ "$1" = "kill" ]; then
function_kill_mysql
else
????printf "Usage: /data0/mysql/${mysql_port}/mysql {start|stop|restart|kill}\n"
fi
⑤、賦予shell腳本可執行權限：
chmod +x /data0/mysql/3306/mysql
⑥、啟動MySQL：
/data0/mysql/3306/mysql start
⑦、通過命令行登錄管理MySQL服務器（提示輸入密碼時直接回車）：
/usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysql -u root -p -S /tmp/mysql.sock
⑧、輸入以下SQL語句，創建一個具有root權限的用戶（admin）和密碼（12345678）：
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'admin'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '12345678';
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'admin'@'127.0.0.1' IDENTIFIED BY '12345678';
⑨、（可選）停止MySQL：
/data0/mysql/3306/mysql stop
3、編譯安裝PHP（FastCGI模式）
tar zxvf php-5.2.14.tar.gz
gzip -cd php-5.2.14-fpm-0.5.14.diff.gz | patch -d php-5.2.14 -p1
cd php-5.2.14/
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/webserver/php --with-config-file-path=/usr/local/webserver/php/etc --with-mysql=/usr/local/webserver/mysql --with-mysqli=/usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysql_config --with-iconv-dir=/usr/local --with-freetype-dir --with-jpeg-dir --with-png-dir --with-zlib --with-libxml-dir=/usr --enable-xml --disable-rpath --enable-discard-path --enable-safe-mode --enable-bcmath --enable-shmop --enable-sysvsem --enable-inline-optimization --with-curl --with-curlwrappers --enable-mbregex --enable-fastcgi --enable-fpm --enable-force-cgi-redirect --enable-mbstring --with-mcrypt --with-gd --enable-gd-native-ttf --with-openssl --with-mhash --enable-pcntl --enable-sockets --with-ldap --with-ldap-sasl --with-xmlrpc --enable-zip --enable-soap
make ZEND_EXTRA_LIBS='-liconv'
make install
cp php.ini-dist /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini
cd ../
4、編譯安裝PHP5擴展模塊
tar zxvf memcache-2.2.5.tgz
cd memcache-2.2.5/
/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/phpize
./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php-config
make
make install
cd ../
tar jxvf eaccelerator-0.9.6.1.tar.bz2
cd eaccelerator-0.9.6.1/
/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/phpize
./configure --enable-eaccelerator=shared --with-php-config=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php-config
make
make install
cd ../
tar zxvf PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2.tgz
cd PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2/
/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/phpize
./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php-config --with-pdo-mysql=/usr/local/webserver/mysql
make
make install
cd ../
tar zxvf ImageMagick.tar.gz
cd ImageMagick-6.5.1-2/
./configure
make
make install
cd ../
tar zxvf imagick-2.3.0.tgz
cd imagick-2.3.0/
/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/phpize
./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php-config
make
make install
cd ../
5、修改php.ini文件
手工修改：查找/usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini中的extension_dir = "./"
修改為extension_dir = "/usr/local/webserver/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/"
并在此行后增加以下幾行，然后保存：
extension = "memcache.so"
extension = "pdo_mysql.so"
extension = "imagick.so"
再查找output_buffering = Off
修改為output_buffering = On
再查找; cgi.fix_pathinfo=0
修改為cgi.fix_pathinfo=0，防止Nginx文件類型錯誤解析漏洞。
自動修改：若嫌手工修改麻煩，可執行以下shell命令，自動完成對php.ini文件的修改：
sed -i 's#extension_dir = "./"#extension_dir = "/usr/local/webserver/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/"\nextension = "memcache.so"\nextension = "pdo_mysql.so"\nextension = "imagick.so"\n#' /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini
sed -i 's#output_buffering = Off#output_buffering = On#' /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini
sed -i "s#; always_populate_raw_post_data = On#always_populate_raw_post_data = On#g" /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini
sed -i "s#; cgi.fix_pathinfo=0#cgi.fix_pathinfo=0#g" /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini
6、配置eAccelerator加速PHP：
mkdir -p /usr/local/webserver/eaccelerator_cache
vi /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini
按shift+g鍵跳到配置文件的最末尾，加上以下配置信息：
引用 [eaccelerator]
zend_extension="/usr/local/webserver/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/eaccelerator.so"
eaccelerator.shm_size="64"
eaccelerator.cache_dir="/usr/local/webserver/eaccelerator_cache"
eaccelerator.enable="1"
eaccelerator.optimizer="1"
eaccelerator.check_mtime="1"
eaccelerator.debug="0"
eaccelerator.filter=""
eaccelerator.shm_max="0"
eaccelerator.shm_ttl="3600"
eaccelerator.shm_prune_period="3600"
eaccelerator.shm_only="0"
eaccelerator.compress="1"
eaccelerator.compress_level="9"
7、創建www用戶和組，以及供blog.s135.com和 www.s135.com兩個虛擬主機使用的目錄：
/usr/sbin/groupadd www
/usr/sbin/useradd -g www www
mkdir -p /data0/htdocs/blog
chmod +w /data0/htdocs/blog
chown -R www:www /data0/htdocs/blog
mkdir -p /data0/htdocs/www
chmod +w /data0/htdocs/www
chown -R www:www /data0/htdocs/www
8、創建php-fpm配置文件（php-fpm是為PHP打的一個FastCGI管理補丁，可以平滑變更php.ini配置而無需重啟php-cgi）：
在/usr/local/webserver/php/etc/目錄中創建php-fpm.conf文件：
rm -f /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php-fpm.conf
vi /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php-fpm.conf
輸入以下內容（如果您安裝 Nginx + PHP 用于程序調試，請將以下的<value name="display_errors">0</value>改為<value name="display_errors">1</value>，以便顯示PHP錯誤信息，否則，Nginx 會報狀態為500的空白錯誤頁）： <?xml version="1.0" ?>
<configuration>
??All relative paths in this config are relative to php's install prefix
??<section name="global_options">
????Pid file
????<value name="pid_file">/usr/local/webserver/php/logs/php-fpm.pid</value>
????Error log file
????<value name="error_log">/usr/local/webserver/php/logs/php-fpm.log</value>
????Log level
????<value name="log_level">notice</value>
????When this amount of php processes exited with SIGSEGV or SIGBUS ...
????<value name="emergency_restart_threshold">10</value>
????... in a less than this interval of time, a graceful restart will be initiated.
????Useful to work around accidental curruptions in accelerator's shared memory.
????<value name="emergency_restart_interval">1m</value>
????Time limit on waiting child's reaction on signals from master
????<value name="process_control_timeout">5s</value>
????Set to 'no' to debug fpm
????<value name="daemonize">yes</value>
??</section>
??<workers>
????<section name="pool">
??????Name of pool. Used in logs and stats.
??????<value name="name">default</value>
??????Address to accept fastcgi requests on.
??????Valid syntax is 'ip.ad.re.ss:port' or just 'port' or '/path/to/unix/socket'
??????<value name="listen_address">127.0.0.1:9000</value>
??????<value name="listen_options">
????????Set listen(2) backlog
????????<value name="backlog">-1</value>
????????Set permissions for unix socket, if one used.
????????In Linux read/write permissions must be set in order to allow connections from web server.
????????Many BSD-derrived systems allow connections regardless of permissions.
????????<value name="owner"></value>
????????<value name="group"></value>
????????<value name="mode">0666</value>
??????</value>
??????Additional php.ini defines, specific to this pool of workers.
??????<value name="php_defines">
????????<value name="sendmail_path">/usr/sbin/sendmail -t -i</value>
????????<value name="display_errors">0</value>
??????</value>
??????Unix user of processes
??????<value name="user">www</value>
??????Unix group of processes
??????<value name="group">www</value>
??????Process manager settings
??????<value name="pm">
????????Sets style of controling worker process count.
????????Valid values are 'static' and 'apache-like'
????????<value name="style">static</value>
????????Sets the limit on the number of simultaneous requests that will be served.
????????Equivalent to Apache MaxClients directive.
????????Equivalent to PHP_FCGI_CHILDREN environment in original php.fcgi
????????Used with any pm_style.
????????<value name="max_children">128</value>
????????Settings group for 'apache-like' pm style
????????<value name="apache_like">
??????????Sets the number of server processes created on startup.
??????????Used only when 'apache-like' pm_style is selected
??????????<value name="StartServers">20</value>
??????????Sets the desired minimum number of idle server processes.
??????????Used only when 'apache-like' pm_style is selected
??????????<value name="MinSpareServers">5</value>
??????????Sets the desired maximum number of idle server processes.
??????????Used only when 'apache-like' pm_style is selected
??????????<value name="MaxSpareServers">35</value>
????????</value>
??????</value>
??????The timeout (in seconds) for serving a single request after which the worker process will be terminated
??????Should be used when 'max_execution_time' ini option does not stop script execution for some reason
??????'0s' means 'off'
??????<value name="request_terminate_timeout">0s</value>
??????The timeout (in seconds) for serving of single request after which a php backtrace will be dumped to slow.log file
??????'0s' means 'off'
??????<value name="request_slowlog_timeout">0s</value>
??????The log file for slow requests
??????<value name="slowlog">logs/slow.log</value>
??????Set open file desc rlimit
??????<value name="rlimit_files">65535</value>
??????Set max core size rlimit
??????<value name="rlimit_core">0</value>
??????Chroot to this directory at the start, absolute path
??????<value name="chroot"></value>
??????Chdir to this directory at the start, absolute path
??????<value name="chdir"></value>
??????Redirect workers' stdout and stderr into main error log.
??????If not set, they will be redirected to /dev/null, according to FastCGI specs
??????<value name="catch_workers_output">yes</value>
??????How much requests each process should execute before respawn.
??????Useful to work around memory leaks in 3rd party libraries.
??????For endless request processing please specify 0
??????Equivalent to PHP_FCGI_MAX_REQUESTS
??????<value name="max_requests">1024</value>
??????Comma separated list of ipv4 addresses of FastCGI clients that allowed to connect.
??????Equivalent to FCGI_WEB_SERVER_ADDRS environment in original php.fcgi (5.2.2+)
??????Makes sense only with AF_INET listening socket.
??????<value name="allowed_clients">127.0.0.1</value>
??????Pass environment variables like LD_LIBRARY_PATH
??????All $VARIABLEs are taken from current environment
??????<value name="environment">
????????<value name="HOSTNAME">$HOSTNAME</value>
????????<value name="PATH">/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin</value>
????????<value name="TMP">/tmp</value>
????????<value name="TMPDIR">/tmp</value>
????????<value name="TEMP">/tmp</value>
????????<value name="OSTYPE">$OSTYPE</value>
????????<value name="MACHTYPE">$MACHTYPE</value>
????????<value name="MALLOC_CHECK_">2</value>
??????</value>
????</section>
??</workers>
</configuration> 9、啟動php-cgi進程，監聽127.0.0.1的9000端口，進程數為128（如果服務器內存小于3GB，可以只開啟64個進程），用戶為www：
ulimit -SHn 65535
/usr/local/webserver/php/sbin/php-fpm start
注：/usr/local/webserver/php/sbin/php-fpm還有其他參數，包括：start|stop|quit|restart|reload|logrotate，修改php.ini后不重啟php-cgi，重新加載配置文件使用reload。
三、安裝Nginx 0.8.46
1、安裝Nginx所需的pcre庫：
tar zxvf pcre-8.10.tar.gz
cd pcre-8.10/
./configure
make && make install
cd ../
2、安裝Nginx
tar zxvf nginx-0.8.46.tar.gz
cd nginx-0.8.46/
./configure --user=www --group=www --prefix=/usr/local/webserver/nginx --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module
make && make install
cd ../
3、創建Nginx日志目錄
mkdir -p /data1/logs
chmod +w /data1/logs
chown -R www:www /data1/logs
4、創建Nginx配置文件
①、在/usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/目錄中創建nginx.conf文件：
rm -f /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
vi /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
輸入以下內容：
引用 user??www www;
worker_processes 8;
error_log??/data1/logs/nginx_error.log??crit;
pid????????/usr/local/webserver/nginx/nginx.pid;
#Specifies the value for maximum file descriptors that can be opened by this process.
worker_rlimit_nofile 65535;
events
{
??use epoll;
??worker_connections 65535;
}
http
{
??include?????? mime.types;
??default_type??application/octet-stream;
??#charset??gb2312;
??????
??server_names_hash_bucket_size 128;
??client_header_buffer_size 32k;
??large_client_header_buffers 4 32k;
??client_max_body_size 8m;
??????
??sendfile on;
??tcp_nopush???? on;
??keepalive_timeout 60;
??tcp_nodelay on;
??fastcgi_connect_timeout 300;
??fastcgi_send_timeout 300;
??fastcgi_read_timeout 300;
??fastcgi_buffer_size 64k;
??fastcgi_buffers 4 64k;
??fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 128k;
??fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 128k;
??gzip on;
??gzip_min_length??1k;
??gzip_buffers???? 4 16k;
??gzip_http_version 1.0;
??gzip_comp_level 2;
??gzip_types?????? text/plain application/x-javascript text/css application/xml;
??gzip_vary on;
??#limit_zone??crawler??$binary_remote_addr??10m;
??server
??{
????listen?????? 80;
????server_name??blog.s135.com;
????index index.html index.htm index.php;
????root??/data0/htdocs/blog;
????#limit_conn?? crawler??20;????
????????????????????????????
????location ~ .*\.(php|php5)?$
????{??????
??????#fastcgi_pass??unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock;
??????fastcgi_pass??127.0.0.1:9000;
??????fastcgi_index index.php;
??????include fcgi.conf;
????}
????
????location ~ .*\.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|swf)$
????{
??????expires??????30d;
????}
????location ~ .*\.(js|css)?$
????{
??????expires??????1h;
????}????
????log_format??access??'$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
??????????????'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
??????????????'"$http_user_agent" $http_x_forwarded_for';
????access_log??/data1/logs/access.log??access;
??????}
??server
??{
????listen?????? 80;
????server_name??www.s135.com;
????index index.html index.htm index.php;
????root??/data0/htdocs/www;
????location ~ .*\.(php|php5)?$
????{??????
??????#fastcgi_pass??unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock;
??????fastcgi_pass??127.0.0.1:9000;
??????fastcgi_index index.php;
??????include fcgi.conf;
????}
????log_format??wwwlogs??'$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
?????????????? '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
?????????????? '"$http_user_agent" $http_x_forwarded_for';
????access_log??/data1/logs/wwwlogs.log??wwwlogs;
??}
??server
??{
????listen??80;
????server_name??status.blog.s135.com;
????location / {
????stub_status on;
????access_log?? off;
????}
??}
}
②、在/usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/目錄中創建fcgi.conf文件：
vi /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/fcgi.conf
輸入以下內容：
引用 fastcgi_param??GATEWAY_INTERFACE??CGI/1.1;
fastcgi_param??SERVER_SOFTWARE????nginx;
fastcgi_param??QUERY_STRING?????? $query_string;
fastcgi_param??REQUEST_METHOD???? $request_method;
fastcgi_param??CONTENT_TYPE?????? $content_type;
fastcgi_param??CONTENT_LENGTH???? $content_length;
fastcgi_param??SCRIPT_FILENAME????$document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_param??SCRIPT_NAME????????$fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_param??REQUEST_URI????????$request_uri;
fastcgi_param??DOCUMENT_URI?????? $document_uri;
fastcgi_param??DOCUMENT_ROOT??????$document_root;
fastcgi_param??SERVER_PROTOCOL????$server_protocol;
fastcgi_param??REMOTE_ADDR????????$remote_addr;
fastcgi_param??REMOTE_PORT????????$remote_port;
fastcgi_param??SERVER_ADDR????????$server_addr;
fastcgi_param??SERVER_PORT????????$server_port;
fastcgi_param??SERVER_NAME????????$server_name;
# PHP only, required if PHP was built with --enable-force-cgi-redirect
fastcgi_param??REDIRECT_STATUS????200;
5、啟動Nginx
ulimit -SHn 65535
/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx
四、配置開機自動啟動Nginx + PHP
vi /etc/rc.local
在末尾增加以下內容：
引用 ulimit -SHn 65535
/usr/local/webserver/php/sbin/php-fpm start
/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx
五、優化Linux內核參數
vi /etc/sysctl.conf
在末尾增加以下內容：
引用 # Add
net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 65536
net.core.netdev_max_backlog =??32768
net.core.somaxconn = 32768
net.core.wmem_default = 8388608
net.core.rmem_default = 8388608
net.core.rmem_max = 16777216
net.core.wmem_max = 16777216
net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps = 0
net.ipv4.tcp_synack_retries = 2
net.ipv4.tcp_syn_retries = 2
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1
#net.ipv4.tcp_tw_len = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_mem = 94500000 915000000 927000000
net.ipv4.tcp_max_orphans = 3276800
#net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 30
#net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 120
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024??65535
使配置立即生效：
/sbin/sysctl -p
六、在不停止Nginx服務的情況下平滑變更Nginx配置
1、修改/usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf配置文件后，請執行以下命令檢查配置文件是否正確：
/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
如果屏幕顯示以下兩行信息，說明配置文件正確：
the configuration file /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
the configuration file /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf was tested successfully
2、平滑重啟：
①、對于Nginx 0.8.x版本，現在平滑重啟Nginx配置非常簡單，執行以下命令即可：
/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
②、對于Nginx 0.8.x之前的版本，平滑重啟稍微麻煩一些，按照以下步驟進行即可。輸入以下命令查看Nginx主進程號：
ps -ef | grep "nginx: master process" | grep -v "grep" | awk -F ' ' '{print $2}'
屏幕顯示的即為Nginx主進程號，例如：
6302
這時，執行以下命令即可使修改過的Nginx配置文件生效：
kill -HUP 6302
或者無需這么麻煩，找到Nginx的Pid文件：
kill -HUP `cat /usr/local/webserver/nginx/nginx.pid`
七、編寫每天定時切割Nginx日志的腳本
1、創建腳本/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/cut_nginx_log.sh
vi /usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/cut_nginx_log.sh
輸入以下內容：
引用 #!/bin/bash
# This script run at 00:00
# The Nginx logs path
logs_path="/usr/local/webserver/nginx/logs/"
mkdir -p ${logs_path}$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y")/$(date -d "yesterday" +"%m")/
mv ${logs_path}access.log ${logs_path}$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y")/$(date -d "yesterday" +"%m")/access_$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y%m%d").log
kill -USR1 `cat /usr/local/webserver/nginx/nginx.pid`
2、設置crontab，每天凌晨00:00切割nginx訪問日志
crontab -e
輸入以下內容：
引用 00 00 * * * /bin/bash??/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/cut_nginx_log.sh
本文若有小的修改，會第一時間在以下網址發布：
http://blog.s135.com/nginx_php_v6/
附：文章修改歷史
● [2010年03月04日] [Version 6.0] 新建
● [2010年04月16日] [Version 6.1] Nginx版本升級到0.8.35。
● [2010年05月14日] [Version 6.2] Nginx版本升級到0.8.36。MySQL版本升級到5.5.3-m3，my.cnf配置文件中的thread_concurrency、master-connect-retry參數在新版本中不支持，已經注釋掉。
● [2010年07月26日] [Version 6.3] Nginx版本升級到0.8.46。PHP版本升級到5.2.14。其他軟件也做了相應的升級。開啟php.ini中的cgi.fix_pathinfo=0，防止Nginx文件類型錯誤解析漏洞。
（全文完） ? 《新程序員》：云原生和全面數字化實踐50位技術專家共同創作，文字、視頻、音頻交互閱讀
原文地址：http://blog.s135.com/nginx_php_v6/
鏈接：《 2007年9月的第1版》、《 2007年12月的第2版》、《 2008年6月的第3版》、《 2008年8月的第4版》、《 2009年5月的第5版》
Nginx ("engine x") 是一個高性能的 HTTP 和反向代理服務器，也是一個 IMAP/POP3/SMTP 代理服務器。 Nginx 是由 Igor Sysoev 為俄羅斯訪問量第二的 Rambler.ru 站點開發的，它已經在該站點運行超過三年了。Igor 將源代碼以類BSD許可證的形式發布。
Nginx 超越 Apache 的高性能和穩定性，使得國內使用 Nginx 作為 Web 服務器的網站也越來越多，其中包括 新浪博客、 新浪播客、 網易新聞、 騰訊網、 搜狐博客等門戶網站頻道， 六間房、 56.com等視頻分享網站， Discuz!官方論壇、 水木社區等知名論壇， 盛大在線、 金山逍遙網等網絡游戲網站， 豆瓣、 人人網、 YUPOO相冊、 金山愛詞霸、 迅雷在線等新興Web 2.0網站。
Nginx 的官方中文維基： http://wiki.nginx.org/NginxChs
在高并發連接的情況下，Nginx是Apache服務器不錯的替代品。Nginx同時也可以作為7層負載均衡服務器來使用。根據我的測試結果， Nginx 0.8.46 + PHP 5.2.14 (FastCGI) 可以承受3萬以上的并發連接數，相當于同等環境下Apache的10倍。
根據我的經驗，4GB內存的服務器+Apache（prefork模式）一般只能處理3000個并發連接，因為它們將占用3GB以上的內存，還得為系統預留1GB的內存。我曾經就有兩臺Apache服務器，因為在配置文件中設置的MaxClients為4000，當Apache并發連接數達到3800時，導致服務器內存和Swap空間用滿而崩潰。
而這臺 Nginx 0.8.46 + PHP 5.2.14 (FastCGI) 服務器在3萬并發連接下，開啟的10個Nginx進程消耗150M內存（15M*10=150M），開啟的64個php-cgi進程消耗1280M內存（20M*64=1280M），加上系統自身消耗的內存，總共消耗不到2GB內存。如果服務器內存較小，完全可以只開啟25個php-cgi進程，這樣php-cgi消耗的總內存數才500M。
在3萬并發連接下，訪問Nginx 0.8.46 + PHP 5.2.14 (FastCGI) 服務器的PHP程序，仍然速度飛快。下圖為Nginx的狀態監控頁面，顯示的活動連接數為28457（關于Nginx的監控頁配置，會在本文接下來所給出的Nginx配置文件中寫明）：
我生產環境下的兩臺Nginx + PHP5（FastCGI）服務器，跑多個一般復雜的純PHP動態程序，單臺Nginx + PHP5（FastCGI）服務器跑PHP動態程序的處理能力已經超過“ 700次請求/秒”，相當于每天可以承受6000萬（700*60*60*24=60480000）的訪問量（ 更多信息見此），而服務器的系統負載也不高：
2009年9月3日下午2：30，金山游戲《劍俠情緣網絡版叁》臨時維護1小時（ http://kefu.xoyo.com/gonggao/jx3/2009-09-03/750438.shtml），大量玩家上官網，論壇、評論、客服等動態應用Nginx服務器集群，每臺服務器的Nginx活動連接數達到2.8萬，這是筆者遇到的Nginx生產環境最高并發值。
下面是用100個并發連接分別去壓生產環境中同一負載均衡器VIP下、提供相同服務的兩臺服務器，一臺為Nginx，另一臺為Apache，Nginx每秒處理的請求數是Apache的兩倍多，Nginx服務器的系統負載、CPU使用率遠低于Apache：
你可以將連接數開到10000～30000，去壓Nginx和Apache上的phpinfo.php，這是用瀏覽器訪問Nginx上的phpinfo.php一切正常，而訪問Apache服務器的phpinfo.php，則是該頁無法顯示。4G內存的服務器，即使再優化，Apache也很難在“webbench -c 30000 -t 60 http://xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx/phpinfo.php”的壓力情況下正常訪問，而調整參數優化后的Nginx可以。
webbench 下載地址： http://blog.s135.com/post/288/
注意：webbench 做壓力測試時，該軟件自身也會消耗CPU和內存資源，為了測試準確，請將 webbench 安裝在別的服務器上。
測試結果：##### Nginx + PHP #####
引用 [root@localhost webbench-1.5]# webbench -c 100 -t 30 http://192.168.1.21/phpinfo.php
Webbench - Simple Web Benchmark 1.5
Copyright (c) Radim Kolar 1997-2004, GPL Open Source Software.
Benchmarking: GET http://192.168.1.21/phpinfo.php
100 clients, running 30 sec.
Speed=102450 pages/min, 16490596 bytes/sec.
Requests: 51225 susceed, 0 failed.
top - 14:06:13 up 27 days,??2:25,??2 users,??load average: 14.57, 9.89, 6.51
Tasks: 287 total,?? 4 running, 283 sleeping,?? 0 stopped,?? 0 zombie
Cpu(s): 49.9% us,??6.7% sy,??0.0% ni, 41.4% id,??1.1% wa,??0.1% hi,??0.8% si
Mem:?? 6230016k total,??2959468k used,??3270548k free,?? 635992k buffers
Swap:??2031608k total,???? 3696k used,??2027912k free,??1231444k cached
測試結果：#####??Apache + PHP #####
引用 [root@localhost webbench-1.5]# webbench -c 100 -t 30 http://192.168.1.27/phpinfo.php
Webbench - Simple Web Benchmark 1.5
Copyright (c) Radim Kolar 1997-2004, GPL Open Source Software.
Benchmarking: GET http://192.168.1.27/phpinfo.php
100 clients, running 30 sec.
Speed=42184 pages/min, 31512914 bytes/sec.
Requests: 21092 susceed, 0 failed.
top - 14:06:20 up 27 days,??2:13,??2 users,??load average: 62.15, 26.36, 13.42
Tasks: 318 total,?? 7 running, 310 sleeping,?? 0 stopped,?? 1 zombie
Cpu(s): 80.4% us, 10.6% sy,??0.0% ni,??7.9% id,??0.1% wa,??0.1% hi,??0.9% si
Mem:?? 6230016k total,??3075948k used,??3154068k free,?? 379896k buffers
Swap:??2031608k total,????12592k used,??2019016k free,??1117868k cached
為什么Nginx的性能要比Apache高得多？這得益于Nginx使用了最新的epoll（Linux 2.6內核）和kqueue（freebsd）網絡I/O模型，而Apache則使用的是傳統的select模型。目前Linux下能夠承受高并發訪問的Squid、Memcached都采用的是epoll網絡I/O模型。
處理大量的連接的讀寫，Apache所采用的select網絡I/O模型非常低效。下面用一個比喻來解析Apache采用的select模型和Nginx采用的epoll模型進行之間的區別：
假設你在大學讀書，住的宿舍樓有很多間房間，你的朋友要來找你。select版宿管大媽就會帶著你的朋友挨個房間去找，直到找到你為止。而epoll版宿管大媽會先記下每位同學的房間號，你的朋友來時，只需告訴你的朋友你住在哪個房間即可，不用親自帶著你的朋友滿大樓找人。如果來了10000個人，都要找自己住這棟樓的同學時，select版和epoll版宿管大媽，誰的效率更高，不言自明。同理，在高并發服務器中，輪詢I/O是最耗時間的操作之一，select和epoll的性能誰的性能更高，同樣十分明了。
安裝步驟：
（系統要求：Linux 2.6+ 內核，本文中的Linux操作系統為CentOS 5.3，另在RedHat AS4上也安裝成功）
一、獲取相關開源程序：
1、【適用CentOS操作系統】利用CentOS Linux系統自帶的yum命令安裝、升級所需的程序庫（RedHat等其他Linux發行版可從安裝光盤中找到這些程序庫的RPM包，進行安裝）：
sudo -s
LANG=C
yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ autoconf libjpeg libjpeg-devel libpng libpng-devel freetype freetype-devel libxml2 libxml2-devel zlib zlib-devel glibc glibc-devel glib2 glib2-devel bzip2 bzip2-devel ncurses ncurses-devel curl curl-devel e2fsprogs e2fsprogs-devel krb5 krb5-devel libidn libidn-devel openssl openssl-devel openldap openldap-devel nss_ldap openldap-clients openldap-servers
2、【適用RedHat操作系統】RedHat等其他Linux發行版可從安裝光盤中找到這些程序庫的RPM包（事先可通過類似“rpm -qa | grep libjpeg”的命令查看所需的RPM包是否存在，通常是“xxx-devel”不存在，需要安裝）。RedHat可以直接利用CentOS的RPM包安裝，以下是RPM包下載網址：
①、RedHat AS4 & CentOS 4
http://mirrors.163.com/centos/4/os/i386/CentOS/RPMS/
http://mirrors.163.com/centos/4/os/x86_64/CentOS/RPMS/
②、RedHat AS5 & CentOS 5
http://mirrors.163.com/centos/5/os/i386/CentOS/
http://mirrors.163.com/centos/5/os/x86_64/CentOS/
③、RPM包搜索網站
http://rpm.pbone.net/
http://www.rpmfind.net/
④、RedHat AS4 系統環境，通常情況下缺少的支持包安裝：
Ⅰ、i386 系統
wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/rpm/i386/libjpeg-devel-6b-33.i386.rpm
rpm -ivh libjpeg-devel-6b-33.i386.rpm
wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/rpm/i386/freetype-devel-2.1.9-1.i386.rpm
rpm -ivh freetype-devel-2.1.9-1.i386.rpm
wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/rpm/i386/libpng-devel-1.2.7-1.i386.rpm
rpm -ivh libpng-devel-1.2.7-1.i386.rpm
Ⅱ、x86_64 系統
wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/rpm/x86_64/libjpeg-devel-6b-33.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh libjpeg-devel-6b-33.x86_64.rpm
wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/rpm/x86_64/freetype-devel-2.1.9-1.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh freetype-devel-2.1.9-1.x86_64.rpm
wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/rpm/x86_64/libpng-devel-1.2.7-1.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh libpng-devel-1.2.7-1.x86_64.rpm
3、【適用CentOS、RedHat及其它Linux操作系統】下載程序源碼包：
本文中提到的所有開源軟件為截止到 2010年07月26日的最新穩定版。
①、從軟件的官方網站下載：
mkdir -p /data0/software
cd /data0/software
wget http://sysoev.ru/nginx/nginx-0.8.46.tar.gz
wget http://www.php.net/get/php-5.2.14.tar.gz/from/this/mirror
wget http://php-fpm.org/downloads/php-5.2.14-fpm-0.5.14.diff.gz
wget http://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.5/mysql-5.5.3-m3.tar.gz/from/http://mysql.he.net/
wget http://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/libiconv/libiconv-1.13.1.tar.gz
wget "http://downloads.sourceforge.net/mcrypt/libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz?modtime=1171868460&big_mirror=0"
wget "http://downloads.sourceforge.net/mcrypt/mcrypt-2.6.8.tar.gz?modtime=1194463373&big_mirror=0"
wget http://pecl.php.net/get/memcache-2.2.5.tgz
wget "http://downloads.sourceforge.net/mhash/mhash-0.9.9.9.tar.gz?modtime=1175740843&big_mirror=0"
wget ftp://ftp.csx.cam.ac.uk/pub/software/programming/pcre/pcre-8.10.tar.gz
wget http://bart.eaccelerator.net/source/0.9.6.1/eaccelerator-0.9.6.1.tar.bz2
wget http://pecl.php.net/get/PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2.tgz
wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/imagick/ImageMagick.tar.gz
wget http://pecl.php.net/get/imagick-2.3.0.tgz
②、從 blog.s135.com下載（比較穩定，只允許在本站，或者在Linux/Unix下通過Wget、Curl等命令下載以下軟件）：
mkdir -p /data0/software
cd /data0/software
wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/nginx/nginx-0.8.46.tar.gz
wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/php/php-5.2.14.tar.gz
wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/phpfpm/php-5.2.14-fpm-0.5.14.diff.gz
wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/mysql/mysql-5.5.3-m3.tar.gz
wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/libiconv/libiconv-1.13.1.tar.gz
wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/mcrypt/libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz
wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/mcrypt/mcrypt-2.6.8.tar.gz
wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/memcache/memcache-2.2.5.tgz
wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/mhash/mhash-0.9.9.9.tar.gz
wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/pcre/pcre-8.10.tar.gz
wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/eaccelerator/eaccelerator-0.9.6.1.tar.bz2
wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/pdo/PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2.tgz
wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/imagick/ImageMagick.tar.gz
wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/imagick/imagick-2.3.0.tgz
二、安裝PHP 5.2.14（FastCGI模式）
1、編譯安裝PHP 5.2.14所需的支持庫：
tar zxvf libiconv-1.13.1.tar.gz
cd libiconv-1.13.1/
./configure --prefix=/usr/local
make
make install
cd ../
tar zxvf libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz
cd libmcrypt-2.5.8/
./configure
make
make install
/sbin/ldconfig
cd libltdl/
./configure --enable-ltdl-install
make
make install
cd ../../
tar zxvf mhash-0.9.9.9.tar.gz
cd mhash-0.9.9.9/
./configure
make
make install
cd ../
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.la /usr/lib/libmcrypt.la
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so.4 /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so.4
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so.4.4.8 /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so.4.4.8
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.a /usr/lib/libmhash.a
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.la /usr/lib/libmhash.la
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so /usr/lib/libmhash.so
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so.2 /usr/lib/libmhash.so.2
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so.2.0.1 /usr/lib/libmhash.so.2.0.1
ln -s /usr/local/bin/libmcrypt-config /usr/bin/libmcrypt-config
tar zxvf mcrypt-2.6.8.tar.gz
cd mcrypt-2.6.8/
/sbin/ldconfig
./configure
make
make install
cd ../
2、編譯安裝MySQL 5.5.3-m3
/usr/sbin/groupadd mysql
/usr/sbin/useradd -g mysql mysql
tar zxvf mysql-5.5.3-m3.tar.gz
cd mysql-5.5.3-m3/
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/webserver/mysql/ --enable-assembler --with-extra-charsets=complex --enable-thread-safe-client --with-big-tables --with-readline --with-ssl --with-embedded-server --enable-local-infile --with-plugins=partition,innobase,myisammrg
make && make install
chmod +w /usr/local/webserver/mysql
chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/webserver/mysql
cd ../
附：以下為附加步驟，如果你想在這臺服務器上運行MySQL數據庫，則執行以下幾步。如果你只是希望讓PHP支持MySQL擴展庫，能夠連接其他服務器上的MySQL數據庫，那么，以下兩步無需執行。
①、創建MySQL數據庫存放目錄
mkdir -p /data0/mysql/3306/data/
mkdir -p /data0/mysql/3306/binlog/
mkdir -p /data0/mysql/3306/relaylog/
chown -R mysql:mysql /data0/mysql/
②、以mysql用戶帳號的身份建立數據表：
/usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysql_install_db --basedir=/usr/local/webserver/mysql --datadir=/data0/mysql/3306/data --user=mysql
③、創建my.cnf配置文件：
vi /data0/mysql/3306/my.cnf
輸入以下內容：
引用 [client]
character-set-server = utf8
port????= 3306
socket??= /tmp/mysql.sock
[mysqld]
character-set-server = utf8
replicate-ignore-db = mysql
replicate-ignore-db = test
replicate-ignore-db = information_schema
user????= mysql
port????= 3306
socket??= /tmp/mysql.sock
basedir = /usr/local/webserver/mysql
datadir = /data0/mysql/3306/data
log-error = /data0/mysql/3306/mysql_error.log
pid-file = /data0/mysql/3306/mysql.pid
open_files_limit????= 10240
back_log = 600
max_connections = 5000
max_connect_errors = 6000
table_cache = 614
external-locking = FALSE
max_allowed_packet = 32M
sort_buffer_size = 1M
join_buffer_size = 1M
thread_cache_size = 300
#thread_concurrency = 8
query_cache_size = 512M
query_cache_limit = 2M
query_cache_min_res_unit = 2k
default-storage-engine = MyISAM
thread_stack = 192K
transaction_isolation = READ-COMMITTED
tmp_table_size = 246M
max_heap_table_size = 246M
long_query_time = 3
log-slave-updates
log-bin = /data0/mysql/3306/binlog/binlog
binlog_cache_size = 4M
binlog_format = MIXED
max_binlog_cache_size = 8M
max_binlog_size = 1G
relay-log-index = /data0/mysql/3306/relaylog/relaylog
relay-log-info-file = /data0/mysql/3306/relaylog/relaylog
relay-log = /data0/mysql/3306/relaylog/relaylog
expire_logs_days = 30
key_buffer_size = 256M
read_buffer_size = 1M
read_rnd_buffer_size = 16M
bulk_insert_buffer_size = 64M
myisam_sort_buffer_size = 128M
myisam_max_sort_file_size = 10G
myisam_repair_threads = 1
myisam_recover
interactive_timeout = 120
wait_timeout = 120
skip-name-resolve
#master-connect-retry = 10
slave-skip-errors = 1032,1062,126,1114,1146,1048,1396
#master-host???? =?? 192.168.1.2
#master-user???? =?? username
#master-password =?? password
#master-port???? =??3306
server-id = 1
innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 16M
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 512M
innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:256M:autoextend
innodb_file_io_threads = 4
innodb_thread_concurrency = 8
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 2
innodb_log_buffer_size = 16M
innodb_log_file_size = 128M
innodb_log_files_in_group = 3
innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 90
innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 120
innodb_file_per_table = 0
#log-slow-queries = /data0/mysql/3306/slow.log
#long_query_time = 10
[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet = 32M
④、創建管理MySQL數據庫的shell腳本：
vi /data0/mysql/3306/mysql
輸入以下內容（這里的用戶名admin和密碼12345678接下來的步驟會創建）：
#!/bin/sh
mysql_port=3306
mysql_username="admin"
mysql_password="12345678"
function_start_mysql()
{
????printf "Starting MySQL...\n"
????/bin/sh /usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/data0/mysql/${mysql_port}/my.cnf 2>&1 > /dev/null &
}
function_stop_mysql()
{
????printf "Stoping MySQL...\n"
????/usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u ${mysql_username} -p${mysql_password} -S /tmp/mysql.sock shutdown
}
function_restart_mysql()
{
????printf "Restarting MySQL...\n"
????function_stop_mysql
????sleep 5
????function_start_mysql
}
function_kill_mysql()
{
????kill -9 $(ps -ef | grep 'bin/mysqld_safe' | grep ${mysql_port} | awk '{printf $2}')
????kill -9 $(ps -ef | grep 'libexec/mysqld' | grep ${mysql_port} | awk '{printf $2}')
}
if [ "$1" = "start" ]; then
????function_start_mysql
elif [ "$1" = "stop" ]; then
????function_stop_mysql
elif [ "$1" = "restart" ]; then
function_restart_mysql
elif [ "$1" = "kill" ]; then
function_kill_mysql
else
????printf "Usage: /data0/mysql/${mysql_port}/mysql {start|stop|restart|kill}\n"
fi
⑤、賦予shell腳本可執行權限：
chmod +x /data0/mysql/3306/mysql
⑥、啟動MySQL：
/data0/mysql/3306/mysql start
⑦、通過命令行登錄管理MySQL服務器（提示輸入密碼時直接回車）：
/usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysql -u root -p -S /tmp/mysql.sock
⑧、輸入以下SQL語句，創建一個具有root權限的用戶（admin）和密碼（12345678）：
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'admin'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '12345678';
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'admin'@'127.0.0.1' IDENTIFIED BY '12345678';
⑨、（可選）停止MySQL：
/data0/mysql/3306/mysql stop
3、編譯安裝PHP（FastCGI模式）
tar zxvf php-5.2.14.tar.gz
gzip -cd php-5.2.14-fpm-0.5.14.diff.gz | patch -d php-5.2.14 -p1
cd php-5.2.14/
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/webserver/php --with-config-file-path=/usr/local/webserver/php/etc --with-mysql=/usr/local/webserver/mysql --with-mysqli=/usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysql_config --with-iconv-dir=/usr/local --with-freetype-dir --with-jpeg-dir --with-png-dir --with-zlib --with-libxml-dir=/usr --enable-xml --disable-rpath --enable-discard-path --enable-safe-mode --enable-bcmath --enable-shmop --enable-sysvsem --enable-inline-optimization --with-curl --with-curlwrappers --enable-mbregex --enable-fastcgi --enable-fpm --enable-force-cgi-redirect --enable-mbstring --with-mcrypt --with-gd --enable-gd-native-ttf --with-openssl --with-mhash --enable-pcntl --enable-sockets --with-ldap --with-ldap-sasl --with-xmlrpc --enable-zip --enable-soap
make ZEND_EXTRA_LIBS='-liconv'
make install
cp php.ini-dist /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini
cd ../
4、編譯安裝PHP5擴展模塊
tar zxvf memcache-2.2.5.tgz
cd memcache-2.2.5/
/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/phpize
./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php-config
make
make install
cd ../
tar jxvf eaccelerator-0.9.6.1.tar.bz2
cd eaccelerator-0.9.6.1/
/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/phpize
./configure --enable-eaccelerator=shared --with-php-config=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php-config
make
make install
cd ../
tar zxvf PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2.tgz
cd PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2/
/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/phpize
./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php-config --with-pdo-mysql=/usr/local/webserver/mysql
make
make install
cd ../
tar zxvf ImageMagick.tar.gz
cd ImageMagick-6.5.1-2/
./configure
make
make install
cd ../
tar zxvf imagick-2.3.0.tgz
cd imagick-2.3.0/
/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/phpize
./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php-config
make
make install
cd ../
5、修改php.ini文件
手工修改：查找/usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini中的extension_dir = "./"
修改為extension_dir = "/usr/local/webserver/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/"
并在此行后增加以下幾行，然后保存：
extension = "memcache.so"
extension = "pdo_mysql.so"
extension = "imagick.so"
再查找output_buffering = Off
修改為output_buffering = On
再查找; cgi.fix_pathinfo=0
修改為cgi.fix_pathinfo=0，防止Nginx文件類型錯誤解析漏洞。
自動修改：若嫌手工修改麻煩，可執行以下shell命令，自動完成對php.ini文件的修改：
sed -i 's#extension_dir = "./"#extension_dir = "/usr/local/webserver/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/"\nextension = "memcache.so"\nextension = "pdo_mysql.so"\nextension = "imagick.so"\n#' /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini
sed -i 's#output_buffering = Off#output_buffering = On#' /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini
sed -i "s#; always_populate_raw_post_data = On#always_populate_raw_post_data = On#g" /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini
sed -i "s#; cgi.fix_pathinfo=0#cgi.fix_pathinfo=0#g" /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini
6、配置eAccelerator加速PHP：
mkdir -p /usr/local/webserver/eaccelerator_cache
vi /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini
按shift+g鍵跳到配置文件的最末尾，加上以下配置信息：
引用 [eaccelerator]
zend_extension="/usr/local/webserver/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/eaccelerator.so"
eaccelerator.shm_size="64"
eaccelerator.cache_dir="/usr/local/webserver/eaccelerator_cache"
eaccelerator.enable="1"
eaccelerator.optimizer="1"
eaccelerator.check_mtime="1"
eaccelerator.debug="0"
eaccelerator.filter=""
eaccelerator.shm_max="0"
eaccelerator.shm_ttl="3600"
eaccelerator.shm_prune_period="3600"
eaccelerator.shm_only="0"
eaccelerator.compress="1"
eaccelerator.compress_level="9"
7、創建www用戶和組，以及供blog.s135.com和 www.s135.com兩個虛擬主機使用的目錄：
/usr/sbin/groupadd www
/usr/sbin/useradd -g www www
mkdir -p /data0/htdocs/blog
chmod +w /data0/htdocs/blog
chown -R www:www /data0/htdocs/blog
mkdir -p /data0/htdocs/www
chmod +w /data0/htdocs/www
chown -R www:www /data0/htdocs/www
8、創建php-fpm配置文件（php-fpm是為PHP打的一個FastCGI管理補丁，可以平滑變更php.ini配置而無需重啟php-cgi）：
在/usr/local/webserver/php/etc/目錄中創建php-fpm.conf文件：
rm -f /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php-fpm.conf
vi /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php-fpm.conf
輸入以下內容（如果您安裝 Nginx + PHP 用于程序調試，請將以下的<value name="display_errors">0</value>改為<value name="display_errors">1</value>，以便顯示PHP錯誤信息，否則，Nginx 會報狀態為500的空白錯誤頁）： <?xml version="1.0" ?>
<configuration>
??All relative paths in this config are relative to php's install prefix
??<section name="global_options">
????Pid file
????<value name="pid_file">/usr/local/webserver/php/logs/php-fpm.pid</value>
????Error log file
????<value name="error_log">/usr/local/webserver/php/logs/php-fpm.log</value>
????Log level
????<value name="log_level">notice</value>
????When this amount of php processes exited with SIGSEGV or SIGBUS ...
????<value name="emergency_restart_threshold">10</value>
????... in a less than this interval of time, a graceful restart will be initiated.
????Useful to work around accidental curruptions in accelerator's shared memory.
????<value name="emergency_restart_interval">1m</value>
????Time limit on waiting child's reaction on signals from master
????<value name="process_control_timeout">5s</value>
????Set to 'no' to debug fpm
????<value name="daemonize">yes</value>
??</section>
??<workers>
????<section name="pool">
??????Name of pool. Used in logs and stats.
??????<value name="name">default</value>
??????Address to accept fastcgi requests on.
??????Valid syntax is 'ip.ad.re.ss:port' or just 'port' or '/path/to/unix/socket'
??????<value name="listen_address">127.0.0.1:9000</value>
??????<value name="listen_options">
????????Set listen(2) backlog
????????<value name="backlog">-1</value>
????????Set permissions for unix socket, if one used.
????????In Linux read/write permissions must be set in order to allow connections from web server.
????????Many BSD-derrived systems allow connections regardless of permissions.
????????<value name="owner"></value>
????????<value name="group"></value>
????????<value name="mode">0666</value>
??????</value>
??????Additional php.ini defines, specific to this pool of workers.
??????<value name="php_defines">
????????<value name="sendmail_path">/usr/sbin/sendmail -t -i</value>
????????<value name="display_errors">0</value>
??????</value>
??????Unix user of processes
??????<value name="user">www</value>
??????Unix group of processes
??????<value name="group">www</value>
??????Process manager settings
??????<value name="pm">
????????Sets style of controling worker process count.
????????Valid values are 'static' and 'apache-like'
????????<value name="style">static</value>
????????Sets the limit on the number of simultaneous requests that will be served.
????????Equivalent to Apache MaxClients directive.
????????Equivalent to PHP_FCGI_CHILDREN environment in original php.fcgi
????????Used with any pm_style.
????????<value name="max_children">128</value>
????????Settings group for 'apache-like' pm style
????????<value name="apache_like">
??????????Sets the number of server processes created on startup.
??????????Used only when 'apache-like' pm_style is selected
??????????<value name="StartServers">20</value>
??????????Sets the desired minimum number of idle server processes.
??????????Used only when 'apache-like' pm_style is selected
??????????<value name="MinSpareServers">5</value>
??????????Sets the desired maximum number of idle server processes.
??????????Used only when 'apache-like' pm_style is selected
??????????<value name="MaxSpareServers">35</value>
????????</value>
??????</value>
??????The timeout (in seconds) for serving a single request after which the worker process will be terminated
??????Should be used when 'max_execution_time' ini option does not stop script execution for some reason
??????'0s' means 'off'
??????<value name="request_terminate_timeout">0s</value>
??????The timeout (in seconds) for serving of single request after which a php backtrace will be dumped to slow.log file
??????'0s' means 'off'
??????<value name="request_slowlog_timeout">0s</value>
??????The log file for slow requests
??????<value name="slowlog">logs/slow.log</value>
??????Set open file desc rlimit
??????<value name="rlimit_files">65535</value>
??????Set max core size rlimit
??????<value name="rlimit_core">0</value>
??????Chroot to this directory at the start, absolute path
??????<value name="chroot"></value>
??????Chdir to this directory at the start, absolute path
??????<value name="chdir"></value>
??????Redirect workers' stdout and stderr into main error log.
??????If not set, they will be redirected to /dev/null, according to FastCGI specs
??????<value name="catch_workers_output">yes</value>
??????How much requests each process should execute before respawn.
??????Useful to work around memory leaks in 3rd party libraries.
??????For endless request processing please specify 0
??????Equivalent to PHP_FCGI_MAX_REQUESTS
??????<value name="max_requests">1024</value>
??????Comma separated list of ipv4 addresses of FastCGI clients that allowed to connect.
??????Equivalent to FCGI_WEB_SERVER_ADDRS environment in original php.fcgi (5.2.2+)
??????Makes sense only with AF_INET listening socket.
??????<value name="allowed_clients">127.0.0.1</value>
??????Pass environment variables like LD_LIBRARY_PATH
??????All $VARIABLEs are taken from current environment
??????<value name="environment">
????????<value name="HOSTNAME">$HOSTNAME</value>
????????<value name="PATH">/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin</value>
????????<value name="TMP">/tmp</value>
????????<value name="TMPDIR">/tmp</value>
????????<value name="TEMP">/tmp</value>
????????<value name="OSTYPE">$OSTYPE</value>
????????<value name="MACHTYPE">$MACHTYPE</value>
????????<value name="MALLOC_CHECK_">2</value>
??????</value>
????</section>
??</workers>
</configuration> 9、啟動php-cgi進程，監聽127.0.0.1的9000端口，進程數為128（如果服務器內存小于3GB，可以只開啟64個進程），用戶為www：
ulimit -SHn 65535
/usr/local/webserver/php/sbin/php-fpm start
注：/usr/local/webserver/php/sbin/php-fpm還有其他參數，包括：start|stop|quit|restart|reload|logrotate，修改php.ini后不重啟php-cgi，重新加載配置文件使用reload。
三、安裝Nginx 0.8.46
1、安裝Nginx所需的pcre庫：
tar zxvf pcre-8.10.tar.gz
cd pcre-8.10/
./configure
make && make install
cd ../
2、安裝Nginx
tar zxvf nginx-0.8.46.tar.gz
cd nginx-0.8.46/
./configure --user=www --group=www --prefix=/usr/local/webserver/nginx --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module
make && make install
cd ../
3、創建Nginx日志目錄
mkdir -p /data1/logs
chmod +w /data1/logs
chown -R www:www /data1/logs
4、創建Nginx配置文件
①、在/usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/目錄中創建nginx.conf文件：
rm -f /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
vi /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
輸入以下內容：
引用 user??www www;
worker_processes 8;
error_log??/data1/logs/nginx_error.log??crit;
pid????????/usr/local/webserver/nginx/nginx.pid;
#Specifies the value for maximum file descriptors that can be opened by this process.
worker_rlimit_nofile 65535;
events
{
??use epoll;
??worker_connections 65535;
}
http
{
??include?????? mime.types;
??default_type??application/octet-stream;
??#charset??gb2312;
??????
??server_names_hash_bucket_size 128;
??client_header_buffer_size 32k;
??large_client_header_buffers 4 32k;
??client_max_body_size 8m;
??????
??sendfile on;
??tcp_nopush???? on;
??keepalive_timeout 60;
??tcp_nodelay on;
??fastcgi_connect_timeout 300;
??fastcgi_send_timeout 300;
??fastcgi_read_timeout 300;
??fastcgi_buffer_size 64k;
??fastcgi_buffers 4 64k;
??fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 128k;
??fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 128k;
??gzip on;
??gzip_min_length??1k;
??gzip_buffers???? 4 16k;
??gzip_http_version 1.0;
??gzip_comp_level 2;
??gzip_types?????? text/plain application/x-javascript text/css application/xml;
??gzip_vary on;
??#limit_zone??crawler??$binary_remote_addr??10m;
??server
??{
????listen?????? 80;
????server_name??blog.s135.com;
????index index.html index.htm index.php;
????root??/data0/htdocs/blog;
????#limit_conn?? crawler??20;????
????????????????????????????
????location ~ .*\.(php|php5)?$
????{??????
??????#fastcgi_pass??unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock;
??????fastcgi_pass??127.0.0.1:9000;
??????fastcgi_index index.php;
??????include fcgi.conf;
????}
????
????location ~ .*\.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|swf)$
????{
??????expires??????30d;
????}
????location ~ .*\.(js|css)?$
????{
??????expires??????1h;
????}????
????log_format??access??'$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
??????????????'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
??????????????'"$http_user_agent" $http_x_forwarded_for';
????access_log??/data1/logs/access.log??access;
??????}
??server
??{
????listen?????? 80;
????server_name??www.s135.com;
????index index.html index.htm index.php;
????root??/data0/htdocs/www;
????location ~ .*\.(php|php5)?$
????{??????
??????#fastcgi_pass??unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock;
??????fastcgi_pass??127.0.0.1:9000;
??????fastcgi_index index.php;
??????include fcgi.conf;
????}
????log_format??wwwlogs??'$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
?????????????? '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
?????????????? '"$http_user_agent" $http_x_forwarded_for';
????access_log??/data1/logs/wwwlogs.log??wwwlogs;
??}
??server
??{
????listen??80;
????server_name??status.blog.s135.com;
????location / {
????stub_status on;
????access_log?? off;
????}
??}
}
②、在/usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/目錄中創建fcgi.conf文件：
vi /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/fcgi.conf
輸入以下內容：
引用 fastcgi_param??GATEWAY_INTERFACE??CGI/1.1;
fastcgi_param??SERVER_SOFTWARE????nginx;
fastcgi_param??QUERY_STRING?????? $query_string;
fastcgi_param??REQUEST_METHOD???? $request_method;
fastcgi_param??CONTENT_TYPE?????? $content_type;
fastcgi_param??CONTENT_LENGTH???? $content_length;
fastcgi_param??SCRIPT_FILENAME????$document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_param??SCRIPT_NAME????????$fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_param??REQUEST_URI????????$request_uri;
fastcgi_param??DOCUMENT_URI?????? $document_uri;
fastcgi_param??DOCUMENT_ROOT??????$document_root;
fastcgi_param??SERVER_PROTOCOL????$server_protocol;
fastcgi_param??REMOTE_ADDR????????$remote_addr;
fastcgi_param??REMOTE_PORT????????$remote_port;
fastcgi_param??SERVER_ADDR????????$server_addr;
fastcgi_param??SERVER_PORT????????$server_port;
fastcgi_param??SERVER_NAME????????$server_name;
# PHP only, required if PHP was built with --enable-force-cgi-redirect
fastcgi_param??REDIRECT_STATUS????200;
5、啟動Nginx
ulimit -SHn 65535
/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx
四、配置開機自動啟動Nginx + PHP
vi /etc/rc.local
在末尾增加以下內容：
引用 ulimit -SHn 65535
/usr/local/webserver/php/sbin/php-fpm start
/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx
五、優化Linux內核參數
vi /etc/sysctl.conf
在末尾增加以下內容：
引用 # Add
net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 65536
net.core.netdev_max_backlog =??32768
net.core.somaxconn = 32768
net.core.wmem_default = 8388608
net.core.rmem_default = 8388608
net.core.rmem_max = 16777216
net.core.wmem_max = 16777216
net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps = 0
net.ipv4.tcp_synack_retries = 2
net.ipv4.tcp_syn_retries = 2
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1
#net.ipv4.tcp_tw_len = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_mem = 94500000 915000000 927000000
net.ipv4.tcp_max_orphans = 3276800
#net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 30
#net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 120
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024??65535
使配置立即生效：
/sbin/sysctl -p
六、在不停止Nginx服務的情況下平滑變更Nginx配置
1、修改/usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf配置文件后，請執行以下命令檢查配置文件是否正確：
/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
如果屏幕顯示以下兩行信息，說明配置文件正確：
the configuration file /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
the configuration file /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf was tested successfully
2、平滑重啟：
①、對于Nginx 0.8.x版本，現在平滑重啟Nginx配置非常簡單，執行以下命令即可：
/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
②、對于Nginx 0.8.x之前的版本，平滑重啟稍微麻煩一些，按照以下步驟進行即可。輸入以下命令查看Nginx主進程號：
ps -ef | grep "nginx: master process" | grep -v "grep" | awk -F ' ' '{print $2}'
屏幕顯示的即為Nginx主進程號，例如：
6302
這時，執行以下命令即可使修改過的Nginx配置文件生效：
kill -HUP 6302
或者無需這么麻煩，找到Nginx的Pid文件：
kill -HUP `cat /usr/local/webserver/nginx/nginx.pid`
七、編寫每天定時切割Nginx日志的腳本
1、創建腳本/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/cut_nginx_log.sh
vi /usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/cut_nginx_log.sh
輸入以下內容：
引用 #!/bin/bash
# This script run at 00:00
# The Nginx logs path
logs_path="/usr/local/webserver/nginx/logs/"
mkdir -p ${logs_path}$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y")/$(date -d "yesterday" +"%m")/
mv ${logs_path}access.log ${logs_path}$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y")/$(date -d "yesterday" +"%m")/access_$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y%m%d").log
kill -USR1 `cat /usr/local/webserver/nginx/nginx.pid`
2、設置crontab，每天凌晨00:00切割nginx訪問日志
crontab -e
輸入以下內容：
引用 00 00 * * * /bin/bash??/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/cut_nginx_log.sh
本文若有小的修改，會第一時間在以下網址發布：
http://blog.s135.com/nginx_php_v6/
附：文章修改歷史
● [2010年03月04日] [Version 6.0] 新建
● [2010年04月16日] [Version 6.1] Nginx版本升級到0.8.35。
● [2010年05月14日] [Version 6.2] Nginx版本升級到0.8.36。MySQL版本升級到5.5.3-m3，my.cnf配置文件中的thread_concurrency、master-connect-retry參數在新版本中不支持，已經注釋掉。
● [2010年07月26日] [Version 6.3] Nginx版本升級到0.8.46。PHP版本升級到5.2.14。其他軟件也做了相應的升級。開啟php.ini中的cgi.fix_pathinfo=0，防止Nginx文件類型錯誤解析漏洞。
（全文完） ? 《新程序員》：云原生和全面數字化實踐50位技術專家共同創作，文字、視頻、音頻交互閱讀
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