ubuntu18.04利用fdisk找到磁盘空闲区，新建分区，挂载
?? 苦逼的，win剛裝了一個ubuntu，預留了78G的沒有掛載的空間，想留給UBUNTU，現在問題來了，如何ubuntu中識別這個空閑區，如何給它劃分一個邏輯分區（或者主分區），如何掛載，最后使用,找半天網上沒找到滿意答案，依照以前的記憶，用fdisk工具，下面馬上開始：
首先，查找空閑空間位置，因為我電腦有2塊盤，所以先查找：
r-sys@rsys:~$ sudo fdisk -l [sudo] password for r-sys: Disk /dev/sda: 111.8 GiB, 120034123776 bytes, 234441648 sectors Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disklabel type: dos Disk identifier: 0xa72a2cccDevice Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type /dev/sda1 * 2048 106958847 106956800 51G 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT /dev/sda2 106960894 234440703 127479810 60.8G 5 Extended /dev/sda5 106960896 124536831 17575936 8.4G 82 Linux swap / Solaris /dev/sda6 124538880 125513727 974848 476M 83 Linux /dev/sda7 125515776 154810367 29294592 14G 83 Linux /dev/sda8 154812416 184107007 29294592 14G 83 Linux /dev/sda9 207546368 221216767 13670400 6.5G 83 Linux /dev/sda10 221218816 234440703 13221888 6.3G 83 Linux /dev/sda11 184109056 207544319 23435264 11.2G 83 LinuxPartition table entries are not in disk order.Disk /dev/sdb: 223.6 GiB, 240057409536 bytes, 468862128 sectors Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disklabel type: dos Disk identifier: 0x39faad16Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type /dev/sdb1 * 2048 52432895 52430848 25G 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT /dev/sdb2 52432896 468860927 416428032 198.6G f W95 Ext'd (LBA) /dev/sdb5 52434944 192946175 140511232 67G 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT /dev/sdb6 192948224 242350079 49401856 23.6G 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT /dev/sdb7 242352128 264060927 21708800 10.4G 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT /dev/sdb8 264062976 305022975 40960000 19.5G 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT r-sys@rsys:~$仔細觀察發現，/dev/sdb（也就是第二塊磁盤）中，擴展分區（/dev/sdb2,因為人家那里標出來了 W95 Ext't （））分出了/dev/sdb5~/dev/sdb8幾個邏輯分區，但是，擴展分區（/dev/sdb2）沒有用完，加起來不到 sdb5+sdb6+sdb7+sdb8 少于198.6G ，所以接下來開始了：
首先進入第二塊磁盤（/dev/sdb），命令是：
root@rsys:/home/r-sys# fdisk /dev/sdbWelcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.31.1). Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them. Be careful before using the write command.Command (m for help):然后輸入m? ，命令如下：
Command (m for help): m
Help:
? DOS (MBR)
?? a?? toggle a bootable flag
?? b?? edit nested BSD disklabel
?? c?? toggle the dos compatibility flag
? Generic
?? d?? delete a partition???????????? //刪除分區
?? F?? list free unpartitioned space??
?? l?? list known partition types
?? n?? add a new partition???? //增加一個新的分區? 重要啊
?? p?? print the partition table??? //打印分區表格
?? t?? change a partition type?????
?? v?? verify the partition table??????
?? i?? print information about a partition
? Misc
?? m?? print this menu
?? u?? change display/entry units
?? x?? extra functionality (experts only)
? Script
?? I?? load disk layout from sfdisk script file
?? O?? dump disk layout to sfdisk script file
? Save & Exit
?? w?? write table to disk and exit???????????? //保存退出
?? q?? quit without saving changes????????? //不保存退出
? Create a new label
?? g?? create a new empty GPT partition table
?? G?? create a new empty SGI (IRIX) partition table
?? o?? create a new empty DOS partition table
?? s?? create a new empty Sun partition table
，說明，常用的就是那幾個，d?? n? p? w?? q，有這5個足夠了
接下來按照提示，我們目的是利用空閑空間 增加一個新分區，所以在提示下輸入n，代碼如下：
Command (m for help): n All space for primary partitions is in use. Adding logical partition 9 First sector (305025024-468860927, default 305025024):這里First sector也就是扇區的首地址，305025024-468860927其實就是空閑區域的扇區，如果都要利用那么一直回車就可以，所以這里兩次回車，一個是默認首地址，一個是默認尾地址：
First sector (305025024-468860927, default 305025024): 回車 Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G,T,P} (305025024-468860927, default 468860927):回車 Created a new partition 9 of type 'Linux' and of size 78.1 GiB.然后顯示：
Command (m for help): n All space for primary partitions is in use. Adding logical partition 9 First sector (305025024-468860927, default 305025024): Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G,T,P} (305025024-468860927, default 468860927): Created a new partition 9 of type 'Linux' and of size 78.1 GiB.Command (m for help):倒數第二行提示我們新建了一個分區9(/dev/sdb9)，那么接下來我們回復?? p??? 查看分區：
Command (m for help): p Disk /dev/sdb: 223.6 GiB, 240057409536 bytes, 468862128 sectors Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disklabel type: dos Disk identifier: 0x39faad16Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type /dev/sdb1 * 2048 52432895 52430848 25G 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT /dev/sdb2 52432896 468860927 416428032 198.6G f W95 Ext'd (LBA) /dev/sdb5 52434944 192946175 140511232 67G 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT /dev/sdb6 192948224 242350079 49401856 23.6G 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT /dev/sdb7 242352128 264060927 21708800 10.4G 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT /dev/sdb8 264062976 305022975 40960000 19.5G 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT /dev/sdb9 305025024 468860927 163835904 78.1G 83 Linux可以發現，最后面多了一個/dev/sdb9，就是我們剛才新分出來的。
接下來，保存退出 按?????? w
Command (m for help): w The partition table has been altered. Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table. Syncing disks.提示我們，分區表被改變了，也就是新建了分區了。接下來就是掛載了，不掛載還是不能用linux所有磁盤必須掛載。
我們查看是否掛載（肯定沒有掛載）：
root@rsys:/home# lsblk -f NAME FSTYPE LABEL UUID MOUNTPOINT sda ├─sda1 ntfs EAA46209A461D919 ├─sda2 ├─sda5 swap 1a5abf03-0640-437f-a5b5-26d5bce1e7d4 [SWAP] ├─sda6 ext4 9263988d-cbfa-443f-aa23-01274d3e090b /boot ├─sda7 ext4 59b28bac-9e71-48ba-8d51-90c5729c07b7 /home ├─sda8 ext4 65f04e44-7f86-4e7c-b73f-592ebde5c1e5 /usr ├─sda9 ext4 96c9b679-48f2-426e-973e-cb85a80175d7 /tmp ├─sda10 ext4 e3d39a2c-dd49-46a3-a184-d1c91eb58561 /opt └─sda11 ext4 d0296190-7e7c-480d-92af-da230e62564c / sdb ├─sdb1 ntfs 系統 D4FA828F299D817A ├─sdb2 ├─sdb5 ntfs 軟件 C022AA4B225A6D42 ├─sdb6 ntfs 教學磁盤 A4D264E6D264BDE4 ├─sdb7 ntfs 學習磁盤 9090893990892736 ├─sdb8 ntfs 計算機學習磁盤 920893B5089396B7 └─sdb9 sr0顯然，sdb9，沒有掛載任何目錄。
第一步：建立掛載目錄storage，也就是掛載到哪里，我打算掛載到/home下，我就執行
root@rsys:/home# mkdir storage接著更改 文件所有者權限，執行chown,改成普通用戶r-sys所有，
root@rsys:/home# chown r-sys storage這樣用戶所有者r-sys就擁有了文件storage，查看如下：
root@rsys:/home# ls -l total 24 drwx------ 2 root root 16384 2月 7 00:22 lost+found drwxr-xr-x 24 r-sys r-sys 4096 2月 8 18:40 r-sys drwxr-xr-x 2 r-sys root 4096 2月 8 21:26 storage接下來更改文件 storage 的組所有者，改成組r-sys所有，執行chgrp
root@rsys:/home# chgrp r-sys storage root@rsys:/home# ls lost+found r-sys storage root@rsys:/home# ls -l total 24 drwx------ 2 root root 16384 2月 7 00:22 lost+found drwxr-xr-x 24 r-sys r-sys 4096 2月 8 18:40 r-sys drwxr-xr-x 2 r-sys r-sys 4096 2月 8 21:26 storage下面先格式化磁盤，不格式化，不能掛載。不格式化會顯示:
root@rsys:/home# mount /dev/sdb9 ./storage mount: /home/storage: wrong fs type, bad option, bad superblock on /dev/sdb9, missing codepage or helper program, or other error.格式化吧，比較ext4,ext3和xfs，聽說xfs文件系統處理大文件特別牛，所以選擇這個。執行命令：
root@rsys:/home# mkfs.xfs /dev/sdb9查看下：
root@rsys:/home# lsblk -f
NAME??? FSTYPE LABEL????????? UUID???????????????????????????????? MOUNTPOINT
sda?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?
├─sda1? ntfs????????????????? EAA46209A461D919??????????????????? ?
├─sda2??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?
├─sda5? swap????????????????? 1a5abf03-0640-437f-a5b5-26d5bce1e7d4 [SWAP]
├─sda6? ext4????????????????? 9263988d-cbfa-443f-aa23-01274d3e090b /boot
├─sda7? ext4????????????????? 59b28bac-9e71-48ba-8d51-90c5729c07b7 /home
├─sda8? ext4????????????????? 65f04e44-7f86-4e7c-b73f-592ebde5c1e5 /usr
├─sda9? ext4????????????????? 96c9b679-48f2-426e-973e-cb85a80175d7 /tmp
├─sda10 ext4????????????????? e3d39a2c-dd49-46a3-a184-d1c91eb58561 /opt
└─sda11 ext4????????????????? d0296190-7e7c-480d-92af-da230e62564c /
sdb?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?
├─sdb1? ntfs?? 系統?????????? D4FA828F299D817A??????????????????? ?
├─sdb2??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?
├─sdb5? ntfs?? 軟件?????????? C022AA4B225A6D42??????????????????? ?
├─sdb6? ntfs?? 教學磁盤?????? A4D264E6D264BDE4??????????????????? ?
├─sdb7? ntfs?? 學習磁盤?????? 9090893990892736??????????????????? ?
├─sdb8? ntfs?? 計算機學習磁盤 920893B5089396B7??????????????????? ?
└─sdb9? xfs?????????????????? 20e5f68f-c2a3-4ec5-9c8a-4d8fd9450c46
已經成為xfs文件系統。
下面執行掛載吧，mount?? /dev/sdb9?? ./storage
root@rsys:/home# mount /dev/sdb9 /home/storage/ root@rsys:/home#查看
root@rsys:/home# lsblk -f NAME FSTYPE LABEL UUID MOUNTPOINT sda ├─sda1 ntfs EAA46209A461D919 ├─sda2 ├─sda5 swap 1a5abf03-0640-437f-a5b5-26d5bce1e7d4 [SWAP] ├─sda6 ext4 9263988d-cbfa-443f-aa23-01274d3e090b /boot ├─sda7 ext4 59b28bac-9e71-48ba-8d51-90c5729c07b7 /home ├─sda8 ext4 65f04e44-7f86-4e7c-b73f-592ebde5c1e5 /usr ├─sda9 ext4 96c9b679-48f2-426e-973e-cb85a80175d7 /tmp ├─sda10 ext4 e3d39a2c-dd49-46a3-a184-d1c91eb58561 /opt └─sda11 ext4 d0296190-7e7c-480d-92af-da230e62564c / sdb ├─sdb1 ntfs 系統 D4FA828F299D817A ├─sdb2 ├─sdb5 ntfs 軟件 C022AA4B225A6D42 ├─sdb6 ntfs 教學磁盤 A4D264E6D264BDE4 ├─sdb7 ntfs 學習磁盤 9090893990892736 ├─sdb8 ntfs 計算機學習磁盤 920893B5089396B7 └─sdb9 xfs 20e5f68f-c2a3-4ec5-9c8a-4d8fd9450c46 /home/storage sr0成功。重啟電腦試試，看看是不是永久掛載。
重啟等待中..........查看：
root@rsys:/home/r-sys# lsblk -f NAME FSTYPE LABEL UUID MOUNTPOINT sda ├─sda1 ntfs EAA46209A461D919 ├─sda2 ├─sda5 swap 1a5abf03-0640-437f-a5b5-26d5bce1e7d4 [SWAP] ├─sda6 ext4 9263988d-cbfa-443f-aa23-01274d3e090b /boot ├─sda7 ext4 59b28bac-9e71-48ba-8d51-90c5729c07b7 /home ├─sda8 ext4 65f04e44-7f86-4e7c-b73f-592ebde5c1e5 /usr ├─sda9 ext4 96c9b679-48f2-426e-973e-cb85a80175d7 /tmp ├─sda10 ext4 e3d39a2c-dd49-46a3-a184-d1c91eb58561 /opt └─sda11 ext4 d0296190-7e7c-480d-92af-da230e62564c / sdb ├─sdb1 ntfs 系統 D4FA828F299D817A ├─sdb2 ├─sdb5 ntfs 軟件 C022AA4B225A6D42 ├─sdb6 ntfs 教學磁盤 A4D264E6D264BDE4 ├─sdb7 ntfs 學習磁盤 9090893990892736 ├─sdb8 ntfs 計算機學習磁盤 920893B5089396B7 └─sdb9 xfs 20e5f68f-c2a3-4ec5-9c8a-4d8fd9450c46 sr0用df -h也可以查看掛載：
root@rsys:/home/r-sys# df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on udev 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /dev tmpfs 389M 1.9M 387M 1% /run /dev/sda11 11G 2.0G 8.5G 19% / /dev/sda8 14G 4.2G 8.9G 32% /usr tmpfs 1.9G 46M 1.9G 3% /dev/shm tmpfs 5.0M 4.0K 5.0M 1% /run/lock tmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup /dev/sda10 6.2G 242M 5.6G 5% /opt /dev/sda7 14G 1.4G 12G 11% /home /dev/sda6 453M 114M 312M 27% /boot /dev/sda9 6.4G 30M 6.0G 1% /tmp tmpfs 389M 16K 389M 1% /run/user/121 tmpfs 389M 20K 389M 1% /run/user/1000 tmpfs 389M 0 389M 0% /run/user/0怎么查都發現掛載丟失，所以是臨時掛載，下面接著執行：
樓主我突發奇想把剩余空間格式化成兩個盤了，sdb9和sdb10下面以這兩個盤如何永久掛載到? /home/disk1?? 和? /home/disk2為例：要想ubuntu系統設置永久掛載，必須用uuid然后設置/etc/fstab，
查詢uuid代碼如下：
r-sys@rsys:/home/disk2$ sudo blkid [sudo] password for r-sys: /dev/sda1: UUID="EAA46209A461D919" TYPE="ntfs" PARTUUID="a72a2ccc-01" /dev/sda5: UUID="1a5abf03-0640-437f-a5b5-26d5bce1e7d4" TYPE="swap" PARTUUID="a72a2ccc-05" /dev/sda6: UUID="9263988d-cbfa-443f-aa23-01274d3e090b" TYPE="ext4" PTTYPE="dos" PARTUUID="a72a2ccc-06" /dev/sda7: UUID="59b28bac-9e71-48ba-8d51-90c5729c07b7" TYPE="ext4" PARTUUID="a72a2ccc-07" /dev/sda8: UUID="65f04e44-7f86-4e7c-b73f-592ebde5c1e5" TYPE="ext4" PARTUUID="a72a2ccc-08" /dev/sda9: UUID="96c9b679-48f2-426e-973e-cb85a80175d7" TYPE="ext4" PARTUUID="a72a2ccc-09" /dev/sda10: UUID="e3d39a2c-dd49-46a3-a184-d1c91eb58561" TYPE="ext4" PARTUUID="a72a2ccc-0a" /dev/sda11: UUID="d0296190-7e7c-480d-92af-da230e62564c" TYPE="ext4" PARTUUID="a72a2ccc-0b" /dev/sdb1: LABEL="M-gM-3M-;M-gM-;M-^_" UUID="D4FA828F299D817A" TYPE="ntfs" PARTUUID="39faad16-01" /dev/sdb5: LABEL="M-hM-=M-/M-dM-;M-6" UUID="C022AA4B225A6D42" TYPE="ntfs" PARTUUID="39faad16-05" /dev/sdb6: LABEL="M-fM-^UM-^YM-eM--M-&M-gM-#M-^AM-gM-^[M-^X" UUID="A4D264E6D264BDE4" TYPE="ntfs" PARTUUID="39faad16-06" /dev/sdb7: LABEL="M-eM--M-&M-dM-9M- M-gM-#M-^AM-gM-^[M-^X" UUID="9090893990892736" TYPE="ntfs" PARTUUID="39faad16-07" /dev/sdb8: LABEL="M-hM-.M-!M-gM-.M-^WM-fM-^\M-:M-eM--M-&M-dM-9M- M-gM-#M-^AM-gM-^[M-^X" UUID="920893B5089396B7" TYPE="ntfs" PARTUUID="39faad16-08" /dev/sdb9: UUID="666b3a28-5a7d-475e-8af8-06fc82b838bb" TYPE="xfs" PARTUUID="39faad16-09" /dev/sdb10: UUID="914424b3-52ae-4e30-a2e8-a592350c47ad" TYPE="xfs" PARTUUID="39faad16-0a"然后把，更改/etc/fstab如下：
UUID=666b3a28-5a7d-475e-8af8-06fc82b838bb /home/disk1 xfs defaults 0 0UUID=914424b3-52ae-4e30-a2e8-a592350c47ad /home/disk2 xfs defaults 0 0兩個上下兩個uuid分別是 /dev/sdb1和 /dev/sdb2的uuid，/home/disk1 和? /home/disk2分別是他們要掛載的目錄，設置好以后保存。reboot.
開機執行：
r-sys@rsys:~$ lsblk -f NAME FSTYPE LABEL UUID MOUNTPOINT sda ├─sda1 ntfs EAA46209A461D919 ├─sda2 ├─sda5 swap 1a5abf03-0640-437f-a5b5-26d5bce1e7d4 [SWAP] ├─sda6 ext4 9263988d-cbfa-443f-aa23-01274d3e090b /boot ├─sda7 ext4 59b28bac-9e71-48ba-8d51-90c5729c07b7 /home ├─sda8 ext4 65f04e44-7f86-4e7c-b73f-592ebde5c1e5 /usr ├─sda9 ext4 96c9b679-48f2-426e-973e-cb85a80175d7 /tmp ├─sda10 ext4 e3d39a2c-dd49-46a3-a184-d1c91eb58561 /opt └─sda11 ext4 d0296190-7e7c-480d-92af-da230e62564c / sdb ├─sdb1 ntfs 系統 D4FA828F299D817A ├─sdb2 ├─sdb5 ntfs 軟件 C022AA4B225A6D42 ├─sdb6 ntfs 教學磁盤 A4D264E6D264BDE4 ├─sdb7 ntfs 學習磁盤 9090893990892736 ├─sdb8 ntfs 計算機學習磁盤 920893B5089396B7 ├─sdb9 xfs 666b3a28-5a7d-475e-8af8-06fc82b838bb /home/disk1 └─sdb10 xfs 914424b3-52ae-4e30-a2e8-a592350c47ad /home/disk2 sr0成功了。
總結
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